Vehicle Pneumatic Air Bypass Valves for Pressure-Matched Compression

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Solution Overview

Problem

Existing pneumatic systems in vehicles waste energy due to compressors running at higher pressures than necessary, as they are regulated by fixed opening pressures of overflow valves, leading to inefficiencies.

Innovation Solution

A bifurcated flow passage system with a first and second valve that allows compressed air to bypass the second valve when pressure is lower than a threshold, enabling the compressor to operate at system pressure, and directs excess air to ambient environment when not needed, with optional filter regeneration modes.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Reliability

If an overflow valve with fixed opening pressure is used to maintain compressor outlet pressure, then the compressor can deliver compressed air to downstream components, but the compressor must run at a pressure higher than the system needs, leading to energy waste

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecompressor outlet pressure maintenanceVSAvoidenergy waste
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSLoss of energy

Solution Approach 1:

The single overflow valve is segmented into two separate valves: a first overflow valve connected to the air tank and a second overflow valve connected to downstream components. This segmentation allows independent pressure control for different system parts, enabling the compressor to match its output pressure to actual system needs rather than forcing pressure through a fixed threshold valve.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

The system transitions from a static fixed opening pressure valve to a dynamic pressure control system where the first overflow valve responds to air tank pressure and the second overflow valve responds to downstream component pressure. This dynamic response allows the compressor to operate at varying pressures matched to real-time system requirements, eliminating the energy waste of maintaining pressure above actual system needs.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #15Dynamics

2Productivity

If the compressor runs at higher pressure to overcome the overflow valve opening pressure, then compressed air can be delivered to the air tank and downstream components, but energy is wasted as compressed air must constantly force its way through the valve

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecompressed air deliveryVSAvoidenergy waste
Core Design Contradiction:
ProductivityVSLoss of energy

Solution Approach 1:

By segmenting the air delivery path into two separate overflow valve circuits, the system allows compressed air to reach both the air tank and downstream components without needing to overcome a single high pressure threshold. Each valve operates at its appropriate pressure level, eliminating the energy waste of forcing air through a higher-pressure valve.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

The first overflow valve acts as an intermediary between the compressor and the air tank, while the second overflow valve mediates between the compressor and downstream components. This intermediary structure allows pressure to be regulated at two different levels, enabling efficient air delivery to both destinations without the energy penalty of a single high-pressure valve.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

3Device complexity

If a single overflow valve is used for both air tank and downstream components, then the system structure is simple, but the compressor cannot efficiently serve both purposes simultaneously

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvevalve system structureVSAvoidcompressed air distribution efficiency
Core Design Contradiction:
Device complexityVSProductivity

Solution Approach 1:

The single valve system is segmented into two separate overflow valves, each dedicated to a specific function: one for the air tank and one for downstream components. This segmentation improves compressed air distribution efficiency by allowing simultaneous, independent pressure regulation for both purposes, while the added complexity is minimal and justified by the functional benefits.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

This design prevents energy waste by matching compressor pressure to system needs, reduces filter saturation, and allows efficient thermal management, thereby optimizing energy use and system efficiency.

Implementation Method 1

an air compressor configured to provide air from an output of the air compressor for pressurizing the air tank

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectCompression: Compression

Implementation Method 2

the first valve is configured to control air flow from the output of the air compressor to the air tank

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectValve control: Valve

Implementation Method 3

the second valve is configured to change to, or remain in, said open state when the pressure of the air in said second branch is higher than a predetermined threshold

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectPressure threshold activation: Valve

Data Source

PatentEP4656887A1A pneumatic system for a vehicle
Publication Date: 2025.12.03 VOLVO TRUCK CORP
  • EP4656887A1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP4656887A1 patent drawingFigure 2~3
  • EP4656887A1 patent drawingFigure 4

AI summary

A pneumatic system for a vehicle, comprising an air compressor for pressurizing an air tank. A flow passage extending from compressor is bifurcated to a first valve and to a second valve. The first valve has a first state preventing air from passing to the air tank, and has a second state allowing air to pass to the air tank. In a first mode of operation of the pneumatic system, the first vale is in said first state and the second valve controls air flow from the compressor to ambient environment. The second valve is configured to change to, or remain in, an open state when the pressure of the air upstream of the second valve is higher than a predetermined threshold, and to change to, or remain in, a closed state when the pressure of the air upstream of the second valve is lower than the predetermined threshold.