Pneumococcal Polysaccharide-Protein Conjugates for Broad Serotype Coverage
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Solution Overview
Problem
There is a need for a multivalent vaccine that provides broad protection against non-vaccine serotypes of Streptococcus pneumoniae and enhances antibody titer against these serotypes.
Innovation Solution
An immunogenic composition comprising a Streptococcus pneumoniae polysaccharide-protein conjugate is developed, which includes capsular polysaccharides from various serotypes (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6A, 6B, 7F, 8, 9N, 9V, 10A, 11A, 12F, 14, 15B, 17F, 18C, 19A, 19F, 20, 22F, 23F, and 33F) conjugated to carrier proteins like TT or CRM197, with specific molecular weights, ratios, and degrees of oxidation to enhance immunogenicity.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If polysaccharide vaccines are used for Streptococcus pneumoniae prevention, then they are effective for elderly and high-risk patients, but they do not elicit immune response in infants and children due to T-cell independent response
Solution Approach 1:
The patent combines polysaccharide antigens with carrier proteins to create conjugate vaccines. This composite structure allows the polysaccharide to act as a hapten that triggers T-cell dependent immune responses, thereby enabling infants and children to develop immunity against Streptococcus pneumoniae while maintaining effectiveness across all age groups
2Reliability
If conjugate vaccines with carrier proteins are used to enhance immunogenicity in infants, then T-cell dependent response is achieved, but the complexity of vaccine composition increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent uses carrier proteins as intermediaries that bridge the polysaccharide antigen and the infant immune system. The carrier protein serves as a mediator that presents the polysaccharide antigen to T-cells, enabling T-cell dependent immune responses in infants without requiring complex adjuvant systems or multiple components
3Reliability
If existing conjugate vaccines (Prevnar, Prevnar 13, Synflorix) are used, then invasive diseases from vaccine serotypes are reduced, but incidence of non-vaccine serotypes increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent develops a conjugate vaccine platform that can be configured to include multiple serotypes by selecting different polysaccharide antigens and combining them with carrier proteins. This multi-functional approach allows the vaccine to provide broad protection against various Streptococcus pneumoniae serotypes, including non-vaccine serotypes, thereby expanding the protection range beyond what single-serotype vaccines achieve
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The composition induces a strong immune response against a wide range of Streptococcus pneumoniae serotypes, providing effective prevention and treatment of infections caused by these strains.
Implementation Method 1
capsular polysaccharide-carrier protein conjugate
Implementation Method 2
T-cell dependent response
Data Source
AI summary
The present invention provides an immunogenic composition comprising a Streptococcus pneumoniae polysaccharide-protein conjugate, comprising a capsular polysaccharide derived from one or more selected from the group consisting of serotypes 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6A, 6B, 7F, 8, 9N, 9V, 10A, 11A, 12F, 14, 15B, 17F, 18C, 19A, 19F, 20, 22F, 23F, and 33F, derived from Streptococcus pneumoniae; and one or 2 or more of carrier proteins conjugated to the respective capsular polysaccharide, and method of preparation thereof. Through one example of the present invention, an immunogenic composition for preventing or treating pneumococcal infection can be provided.