Polydisilazane Resin Crosslinking via Alkylboranes

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Solution Overview

Problem

Current methods for crosslinking polysilazane green fibers to form silicon carbide fibers are expensive, environmentally hazardous, and require high capital investment, with existing processes involving high-energy e-beam radiation or toxic gases, and boron sintering aids at higher concentrations leading to undesirable mechanical properties.

Innovation Solution

A polydisilazane resin is formed through reacting methylchlorodisilane, organochlorosilane with vinyl or allyl groups, and nitrogen-containing additives in an oxygen-free and moisture-free system, followed by exposure to oxygen to trigger crosslinking, utilizing alkylboranes as free radical precursors, which also serves as a boron source for sintering aid, allowing for low-temperature crosslinking and controlled boron concentration.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Reliability

If high energy e-beam radiation is used to crosslink polysilazane green fibers, then crosslinking effectiveness is improved, but capital investment cost increases prohibitively

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecrosslinking effectivenessVSAvoidcapital investment cost
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSEase of manufacture

Solution Approach 1:

The invention changes the crosslinking mechanism from high-energy e-beam radiation to a chemical reaction system using organometallic catalysts. This parameter change enables crosslinking to occur at much lower energy levels, eliminating the need for expensive e-beam equipment while maintaining crosslinking effectiveness through catalyzed chemical reactions between the polysilazane and crosslinking agents

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Solution Approach 2:

The invention replaces the mechanical/electromagnetic e-beam radiation system with a chemical reaction system. Instead of using high-energy electrons to induce crosslinking, the patent uses chemical catalysts (organometallic compounds) to facilitate crosslinking reactions, substituting a complex physical system with a simpler chemical process that requires minimal equipment investment

Inventive Principle:
Principle #28Mechanics substitution (Replace mechanical system)

2Reliability

If high energy e-beam radiation is used to crosslink polysilazane green fibers, then crosslinking effectiveness is improved, but processing time increases to several hours

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecrosslinking effectivenessVSAvoidprocessing time
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSProductivity

Solution Approach 1:

The invention enables continuous crosslinking processing by eliminating the need for repeated e-beam passes and conveyor belt transportation. The chemical crosslinking system allows the fiber package to remain stationary while crosslinking agents and catalysts are applied, enabling continuous production flow without the intermittent processing steps required by e-beam methods

Inventive Principle:
Principle #20Continuity of useful action

Solution Approach 2:

The invention introduces chemical intermediaries (crosslinking agents and organometallic catalysts) that mediate the crosslinking reaction. These intermediaries enable the crosslinking process to proceed rapidly at lower temperatures without requiring the high-energy e-beam irradiation, thereby reducing processing time while maintaining crosslinking effectiveness

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

3Reliability

If polysilazane green fibers are exposed to moisture for crosslinking, then crosslinking is achieved, but oxygen content in the fiber increases to high levels

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecrosslinking achievementVSAvoidoxygen content
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSObject-generated harmful factors

Solution Approach 1:

The invention uses organometallic catalysts as intermediaries to facilitate crosslinking reactions without requiring moisture exposure. These catalysts enable the crosslinking to proceed through alternative chemical pathways that do not involve water, thereby achieving crosslinking effectiveness while avoiding the incorporation of excessive oxygen into the fiber structure

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

Solution Approach 2:

The invention changes the crosslinking conditions from moisture-based to a controlled chemical reaction system using organometallic catalysts. This parameter change allows crosslinking to occur without water exposure, preventing the high oxygen content that would otherwise be incorporated into the fiber structure during moisture-based crosslinking

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

4Reliability

If toxic gases such as ammonia, BCl3 or HSiCl3 are used to crosslink green fibers, then crosslinking is achieved, but environmental health and safety challenges increase

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecrosslinking achievementVSAvoidenvironmental health and safety
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSObject-affected harmful factors

Solution Approach 1:

The invention replaces toxic, hazardous crosslinking agents with safer, less hazardous organometallic catalysts. These catalysts achieve crosslinking effectiveness without the severe environmental health and safety issues associated with toxic gases like ammonia, BCl3, or HSiCl3, thereby eliminating the need for complex safety infrastructure while maintaining crosslinking achievement

Inventive Principle:
Principle #27Cheap short-living objects (Disposable)

Solution Approach 2:

The invention converts a potentially harmful process (using toxic gases for crosslinking) into a beneficial one by employing organometallic catalysts that are significantly safer. The catalysts achieve the desired crosslinking effect while minimizing or eliminating the harmful environmental and safety impacts, effectively transforming a harmful process into a beneficial one

Inventive Principle:
Principle #22Blessing in disguise (Convert harm into benefit)

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

This method enables cost-effective, environmentally safer, and controllable crosslinking of polysilazane green fibers, reducing capital investment and achieving high-quality silicon carbide fibers with optimal boron concentration for improved mechanical properties.

Implementation Method 1

utilizing alkylboranes as free radical precursors, which also serves as a boron source for sintering aid, allowing for low-temperature crosslinking

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectFree radical generation: Oxidation

Implementation Method 2

exposure to oxygen to trigger crosslinking

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectCrosslinking: Chemical Bonding

Implementation Method 3

The cross-linked polydisilazane fiber is then pyrolyzed in oxygen free atmosphere to form a silicon carbide fiber

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectPyrolysis: Pyrolysis

Data Source

PatentEP3004214B1Polydisilazanes prepared from boron-containing additives
Publication Date: 2017.03.01 GENERAL ELECTRIC CO

AI summary

The present disclosure generally relates to methods of using boron- containing additives for crosslinking polysilazane green fibers, which are precursors to silicon carbide fibers. These methods provide a controllable process for crosslinking silicon carbide fibers while providing a simple way for the introduction of boron as a sintering aid into the polymer structure.