Pouch Cell Fire-Extinguishing Case Structure Without Energy Density Loss
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Solution Overview
Problem
Conventional fire extinguishing equipment in secondary batteries is inefficient in terms of space and energy density due to the need for additional space, and existing methods to prevent thermal runaway are not effective in controlling ignition.
Innovation Solution
A pouch-type secondary battery with a fire extinguishing device integrated into the external surface of the pouch case, utilizing a core-shell particle or sealed envelope-type film that sprays a fire extinguishing agent at elevated temperatures, eliminating the need for additional space and maintaining high energy density.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If conventional fire extinguishing equipment is installed in the battery module, then fire safety is improved, but space efficiency and energy density are reduced due to the additional space required
Solution Approach 1:
The fire extinguishing device is merged with the pouch case structure itself. The pouch case includes a fire extinguishing chamber formed by its walls, and the fire extinguishing agent is stored within this integrated structure rather than as a separate component. This merging eliminates the need for additional space while maintaining fire safety functionality.
Solution Approach 2:
The fire extinguishing device is nested within the pouch case structure. The fire extinguishing chamber is formed by the pouch case walls, and the fire extinguishing agent is stored within this nested structure. This nesting approach allows the fire safety system to occupy space that would otherwise be structural or dead space, thereby maintaining energy density.
2Reliability
If fire extinguishing equipment is added to suppress thermal runaway, then battery safety is improved, but the device complexity and space requirements increase
Solution Approach 1:
The pouch case serves multiple functions: it contains the electrode assembly, provides structural support, and acts as the fire extinguishing chamber. This multi-functionality reduces device complexity by eliminating the need for separate fire extinguishing equipment while maintaining battery safety.
Solution Approach 2:
The pouch case structure itself provides the fire extinguishing function through its integrated chamber and stored agent. The system serves itself by using its own structural elements for fire suppression rather than requiring external or additional specialized components, thereby reducing overall device complexity.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The fire extinguishing device effectively suppresses flames at an early stage of ignition, preventing thermal runaway and maintaining battery safety without reducing energy density or requiring additional space.
Implementation Method 1
The shell may melt at the temperature greater than or equal to the reference point temperature, and may spray the fire extinguishing agent at the temperature greater than or equal to the reference point temperature
Implementation Method 2
The fire extinguishing device may spray a fire extinguishing agent at a temperature greater than or equal to a reference point temperature
Data Source
Figure 1
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AI summary
A pouch-type secondary battery comprises an electrode assembly, and a pouch case surrounding the electrode assembly. At least three surfaces, among four surfaces of a side surface in a thickness direction of the electrode assembly, include a sealed portion. An electrode lead is drawn out from a sealed portion of at least one of the three sealed portions. The pouch-type secondary battery includes a fire extinguishing device on an external surface of the pouch case.