Programmable Electrode Control for Precise Micro-Assembly Positioning

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Solution Overview

Problem

Existing techniques for controlling the movement of micro- and nano-objects lack the precision and scalability needed for industrial applications, particularly in assembling larger and asymmetric objects, and do not effectively utilize electric fields without causing distortions.

Innovation Solution

A machine-learning enabled system using programmable electrodes and a video projector to generate dynamic electric potential landscapes, combined with machine learning algorithms for real-time control of micro-object positioning, allowing for precise manipulation of objects through dielectrophoretic and electrophoretic forces.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Ease of manufacture

If uncontrolled mechanical agitation is used for directed particle assembly, then the process is simple to implement, but the precision of particle placement deteriorates (yield fails to reach near 100%)

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveease of implementationVSAvoidparticle placement precision
Core Design Contradiction:
Ease of manufactureVSManufacturing precision

Solution Approach 1:

The patent replaces uncontrolled mechanical agitation with a controlled electric field-based system using dielectrophoresis. Programmable electrodes generate precise electric field distributions to manipulate micro-objects, substituting mechanical forces with electrical forces for controlled assembly.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #28Mechanics substitution (Replace mechanical system)

Solution Approach 2:

The patent dynamically changes electric field parameters (voltage, frequency, electrode configuration) to control particle assembly. By adjusting these parameters, the system achieves both high precision placement and adaptability for different assembly scenarios.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

2Manufacturing precision

If a one-step model predictive control approach with capacitance-based model is used, then control precision is improved, but the number of simultaneously actuated electrodes is limited by the spiral-shaped electrode configuration

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvemicro-object position control precisionVSAvoidnumber of simultaneously actuated electrodes
Core Design Contradiction:
Manufacturing precisionVSAdaptability or versatility

Solution Approach 1:

The patent divides the electrode system into multiple independently controllable segments (electrodes arranged in a grid pattern rather than spiral shape). This segmentation allows many electrodes to be simultaneously actuated with independent control, overcoming the limitation of single-step predictive control with spiral electrodes.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

The patent transitions from one-dimensional spiral electrode arrangement to two-dimensional grid electrode arrangement. This dimensional change enables simultaneous actuation of multiple electrodes across the workspace, significantly increasing the number of concurrently controlled electrodes while maintaining model accuracy.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #17Another dimension (Dimensionality change)

3Device complexity

If electric field techniques assume particles are small enough not to disturb the electric field, then the mathematical model remains simple, but applicability to larger particles deteriorates

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvemathematical model complexityVSAvoidapplicability to larger particles
Core Design Contradiction:
Device complexityVSAdaptability or versatility

Solution Approach 1:

The patent incorporates feedback mechanisms that account for particle-induced electric field disturbances. By measuring actual field conditions and adjusting control parameters accordingly, the system maintains model accuracy for particles of various sizes without requiring overly complex theoretical models.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #23Feedback

Solution Approach 2:

The patent dynamically adjusts electric field parameters (frequency, voltage amplitude) based on particle size and properties. This parameter adaptation allows the same electrode system to effectively control particles ranging from small to large sizes while keeping the mathematical framework manageable.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

4Manufacturing precision

If high frequency signals (MHz) are used for colloidal particle control, then particle manipulation precision is improved, but the technique becomes unsuitable for industrial applications requiring larger objects

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveparticle manipulation precisionVSAvoidapplicability to larger objects
Core Design Contradiction:
Manufacturing precisionVSAdaptability or versatility

Solution Approach 1:

The patent employs dynamic control of electric field parameters, adjusting frequency and voltage in real-time based on object size and desired manipulation speed. This dynamic adaptation allows the system to handle both small colloidal particles and larger micro-objects by optimizing parameters for each specific case.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #15Dynamics

Solution Approach 2:

The patent changes operating parameters (frequency, voltage) according to object characteristics. For larger objects, lower frequencies and adjusted voltages are used compared to high-frequency MHz signals for colloids, enabling versatile control across different object sizes while maintaining precision.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

Enables efficient, scalable, and precise control of micro-objects in real-time, overcoming limitations of previous methods by accurately positioning objects of varying shapes and sizes, including semiconductor chips and nanodevices.

Implementation Method 1

A machine-learning enabled system using programmable electrodes and a video projector to generate dynamic electric potential landscapes, combined with machine learning algorithms for real-time control of micro-object positioning, allowing for precise manipulation of objects through dielectrophoretic and electrophoretic forces.

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectDielectrophoresis: Electrophoresis

Implementation Method 2

A machine-learning enabled system using programmable electrodes and a video projector to generate dynamic electric potential landscapes, combined with machine learning algorithms for real-time control of micro-object positioning, allowing for precise manipulation of objects through dielectrophoretic and electrophoretic forces.

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectElectrophoresis: Electrophoresis

Data Source

PatentEP4011823B1System and method for machine-learning enabled micro-assembly control with the aid of a digital computer
Publication Date: 2025.07.16 PALO ALTO RESEARCH CENTER INC
  • EP4011823B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP4011823B1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP4011823B1 patent drawingFigure 3A~3C

AI summary

System and method that allow utilize machine learning algorithms to move a micro-object to a desired position are described described. A sensor such as a high speed camera or capacitive sensing, tracks the locations of the objects. A dynamic potential energy landscape for manipulating objects is generated by controlling each of the electrodes in an array of electrodes. One or more computing devices are used to: estimate an initial position of a micro-object using the sensor; generate a continuous representation of a dynamic model for movement of the micro-object due to electrode potentials generated by at least some of the electrodes and use automatic differentiation and Gauss quadrature rules on the dynamic model to derive optimum potentials to be generated by the electrodes to move the micro-object to the desired position; and map the calculated optimized electrode potentials to the array to activate the electrodes.