Pulse-Plated Abrasive Coatings for Gas Turbine Blade Tips

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Solution Overview

Problem

Existing electroplated coatings for gas turbine blade tips with abrasive particles reduce fatigue life and could benefit from increased wear resistance and fatigue strengthening.

Innovation Solution

A method involving pulse plating is used to apply abrasive grit to gas turbine blade tips, utilizing a nickel or nickel-cobalt matrix with Cr-Al-Y/Hf powder, which is diffusion heat treated to form a homogenous Ni-Co-Cr-Al-Y/Hf matrix, enhancing the strength and hardness through finer grain size and reduced porosity.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Ease of manufacture

If conventional electroplating is used to apply abrasive particles to gas turbine blade tips, then the coating can be applied effectively, but the fatigue life of the airfoils is reduced

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecoating application effectivenessVSAvoidfatigue life
Core Design Contradiction:
Ease of manufactureVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies pulse plating with periodic on/off current cycles to deposit the coating. The current is pulsed at specific frequencies and durations, creating periodic deposition cycles that allow controlled material buildup while reducing fatigue damage accumulation compared to continuous plating

Inventive Principle:
Principle #19Periodic action

Solution Approach 2:

The patent changes multiple parameters including current density, pulse duration, duty cycle, and bath composition to optimize the coating process. These parameter adjustments enable effective coating application while controlling the microstructure to improve fatigue life

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

2Ease of manufacture

If conventional electroplating is used for abrasive coating, then the coating can be formed, but wear resistance and fatigue strengthening are insufficient

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecoating formationVSAvoidwear resistance and fatigue strength
Core Design Contradiction:
Ease of manufactureVSStrength

Solution Approach 1:

The patent creates a composite coating structure with abrasive particles (CBN, aluminum oxide, or other carbides, oxides, silicides, or nitrides) embedded in a metal matrix. This composite structure provides both the wear resistance from the abrasive particles and the fatigue strengthening from the controlled matrix microstructure

Inventive Principle:
Principle #40Composite materials

Solution Approach 2:

The patent creates local quality variations in the coating by controlling particle distribution and matrix structure at different locations and depths. The coating has enhanced hardness and wear resistance at the surface while maintaining ductility and fatigue resistance in the subsurface region

Inventive Principle:
Principle #3Local quality

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

The method increases the hardness and fatigue resistance of the coating, improving wear resistance and durability, reducing the frequency of repairs and overhauls, and allowing for faster production with improved coating uniformity and quality.

Implementation Method 1

the electrolytic application of the CBN abrasive

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectElectrodeposition: Electrodeposition

Implementation Method 2

which is diffusion heat treated to form a homogenous Ni-Co-Cr-Al-Y/Hf matrix

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectDiffusion: Diffusion

Data Source

PatentEP3346029B1Pulse plated abrasive grit
Publication Date: 2025.09.24 RTX CORP
  • EP3346029B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP3346029B1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP3346029B1 patent drawingFigure 3

AI summary

A method for forming an abrasive surface includes applying an electric current through a plating solution (704) so as to cause an abrasive grit (412) to be deposited onto a workpiece (96) and varying a waveform of the electric current while building up a matrix material at least partially around the abrasive grit (412).