RBC Membrane-Coated Oncolytic Viruses via Low-Pressure Extrusion
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current oncolytic virus therapies face limitations in delivery methods, such as acute toxicity, rapid clearance from the bloodstream, and the need for frequent high-dose administrations, while existing nanoparticle coatings like PEG can trigger an immune response, and methods to encapsulate viruses with cell membranes, like RBC membranes, have been unsuccessful.
Innovation Solution
A process involving extrusion is used to coat oncolytic viruses with RBC membranes, applying low-pressure conditions to form nanoparticles that maintain viral activity and extend circulation time, utilizing a pre-coated solution of virus and cell-derived membrane, repeated through nanopore membranes to ensure encapsulation.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Adaptability or versatility
If oncolytic viruses are administered intravenously, then systemic delivery capability is improved, but rapid clearance from bloodstream occurs leading to short circulation time
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies this principle by coating the oncolytic virus with a cell membrane (flexible thin film) to create a protective shell. This membrane coating allows the virus to circulate in the bloodstream without rapid clearance, extending circulation time while maintaining systemic delivery capability. The membrane acts as a flexible protective layer that shields the virus from immune recognition and clearance mechanisms.
2Duration of action of moving object
If PEG coating is used to extend circulation time, then circulation time is improved, but anti-PEG immune response is triggered
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies this principle by using a natural cell membrane (such as red blood cell membrane) to coat the virus instead of synthetic PEG. This natural membrane copy provides the same function of extending circulation time but avoids triggering anti-PEG immune responses. The cell membrane is a biocompatible material that the immune system recognizes as self, thereby avoiding harmful immune reactions while achieving prolonged circulation.
3Manufacturing precision
If extrusion process is applied to form nanoparticles, then manufacturing precision is improved, but virus inactivation may occur under high pressure
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies this principle by optimizing the extrusion parameters, specifically using low pressure conditions during the extrusion process. This parameter change allows the formation of precise nanoparticles with controlled size and morphology while maintaining viral infectivity. The low pressure prevents virus inactivation that would occur under high pressure, thus resolving the contradiction between manufacturing precision and viral activity preservation.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The method produces stable, long-circulating nanoparticles that effectively deliver therapeutic agents to tumor sites, avoiding immune response and ensuring viral infectivity, with RBC membrane-coated viruses demonstrating increased particle size and successful infection in cancer cells.
Implementation Method 1
applying a process of extrusion to said solution to form a nanoparticle comprising said inner core coated with said outer surface
Implementation Method 2
applying low-pressure conditions to form nanoparticles that maintain viral activity
Data Source
AI summary
Disclosed is a process of making a nanoparticle comprising an inner core comprising a virus and an outer surface comprising a cellular membrane derived from a cell via extrusion.