Projectiles, reactive compositions for projectiles and articles containing the reactive composition
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Solution Overview
Problem
Conventional armor-piercing projectiles are less effective in providing behind-armor damage due to reduced ability to transfer pressure and thermal load inside the target, necessitating an improvement in reactive compositions and bullet designs without compromising armor-piercing capability.
Innovation Solution
A projectile incorporating a reactive composition comprising a titanium-boron composite, oxidizer, and metal hydride, which upon penetration, generates overpressure and incendiary effects to enhance lethality by increasing pressure and thermal load behind the target surface.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Strength
If conventional armor-piercing projectiles with high explosives and penetrators are used, then armor-piercing capability is achieved, but behind-armor damage capability deteriorates due to reduced ability to transfer pressure and thermal load inside the target
Solution Approach 1:
The patent employs a composite reactive composition containing multiple components: fuel (titanium-boron composite), oxidizer (bismuth trioxide or potassium nitrate), and metal hydride. This composite formulation enables simultaneous achievement of penetration and behind-armor damage by creating a synergistic effect where each component contributes specific functions - the fuel provides energy release, the oxidizer enables combustion, and the metal hydride enhances pressure generation and thermal load transfer.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent modifies the reactive composition parameters by specifying precise ratios of fuel, oxidizer, and metal hydride components. The fuel comprises titanium-boron composite in specific proportions, the oxidizer is selected from bismuth trioxide or potassium nitrate, and the metal hydride is present in optimized amounts. These parameter optimizations ensure the composition delivers sufficient pressure and thermal load behind armor while maintaining penetration capability.
2Object-affected harmful factors
If reactive composition is added to enhance behind-armor damage, then lethality is improved, but the complexity of the projectile design increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent merges the reactive composition directly into the penetrator or housing structure, integrating multiple functions (penetration, pressure generation, thermal load transfer) into a single unified composition rather than using separate components. This merging approach enhances lethality while minimizing design complexity by eliminating the need for multiple separate systems.
Solution Approach 2:
The reactive composition serves multiple functions simultaneously: it provides fuel for combustion, generates pressure through metal hydride decomposition, transfers thermal load behind armor, and maintains structural integrity during penetration. This multi-functionality is achieved through the careful selection and combination of specific materials (titanium-boron composite, bismuth trioxide, potassium nitrate, and metal hydride) that collectively deliver enhanced lethality without requiring additional separate systems.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The reactive composition achieves overpressure of greater than 36 psi and incendiary effect duration of greater than 70 milliseconds, enhancing lethality by increasing pressure and thermal load behind the target, while maintaining or improving armor-piercing capability.
Implementation Method 1
The reactive composition includes at least one fuel having a titanium-boron composite; at least one oxidizer
Implementation Method 2
when the projectile penetrates through a surface of a target... the reactive composition is configured to provide... overpressure of greater than 36 pounds per square inch (psi) or an incendiary effect duration of greater than 180 milliseconds
Implementation Method 3
at least one metal hydride... when the projectile penetrates through a surface of a target... overpressure of greater than 36 pounds per square inch (psi) or an incendiary effect duration of greater than 180 milliseconds
Data Source
AI summary
A projectile including a reactive composition is disclosed. The reactive composition includes at least one fuel comprising a titanium-boron composite, at least one oxidizer, and at least one metal hydride. When the projectile penetrates through a surface of a target having a volume of 0.2 m3, the reactive composition is configured to cause, behind the surface of the target, at least one of an overpressure of greater than 36 pounds per square inch (psi) or an incendiary effect duration of greater than 70 milliseconds. The reactive composition may be configured to partially or entirely surround a pin or penetrator. The projectile may lack a pin or penetrator, and the reactive composition is contained within a metal tube or cup configured to travel toward, within, and/or behind a surface of the target, wherein the process produces a punch out from the target, thereby acting as a second projectile, which enhances lethality.