Multiphase Receiver Clock Buffering for Duty Cycle and Skew Control

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Solution Overview

Problem

Existing receiver clock systems in chip-to-chip communication suffer from undesirable duty cycle variations and skew due to variations among ring oscillator elements, leading to degraded signal detection quality.

Innovation Solution

A configurable clock buffer chain is used to adjust clock duty cycle and delay by modifying the rise and fall times of signals, combined with a measurement subsystem to directly measure clock duty cycle and inter-phase skew, providing clean, accurately timed multiphase clock signals.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Reliability

If ring oscillator elements are used to generate multiphase clock signals, then clock signal generation is achieved, but duty cycle variations and skew occur due to element variations

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvesignal detection qualityVSAvoidduty cycle accuracy
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSManufacturing precision

Solution Approach 1:

The patent implements feedback mechanisms through phase detectors that continuously monitor the phase relationships between multiphase clock signals and adjust the ring oscillator elements accordingly. This closed-loop control compensates for duty cycle variations and skew caused by manufacturing variations in the ring oscillator elements, thereby maintaining reliable signal detection quality.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #23Feedback

Solution Approach 2:

The patent dynamically adjusts parameters of the ring oscillator elements, specifically the delay values of individual delay elements, to compensate for manufacturing variations. By changing these parameters through calibration and adjustment mechanisms, the system corrects duty cycle inaccuracies and phase skew while maintaining the desired multiphase clock signal generation.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

2Productivity

If multiple local clocks with particular phase relationships are generated, then parallel processing capability is improved, but clock skew and phase accuracy deteriorate

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveparallel processing capabilityVSAvoidphase accuracy
Core Design Contradiction:
ProductivityVSMeasurement precision

Solution Approach 1:

The patent divides the clock generation system into multiple independently controllable ring oscillator elements and delay elements. Each element can be individually calibrated and adjusted to achieve precise phase relationships. This segmentation allows parallel processing capability while maintaining accurate phase control through independent optimization of each segment.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

The patent implements dynamic adjustment mechanisms that allow the phase relationships between multiple local clocks to be continuously optimized. The system can adaptively adjust delay values and phase offsets in real-time to maintain accurate phase relationships even as operating conditions change, thereby preserving both parallel processing capability and phase accuracy.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #15Dynamics

3Manufacturing precision

If duty cycle and delay adjustment is implemented by modifying rise and fall times, then clock signal accuracy is improved, but circuit complexity increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveclock signal accuracyVSAvoidcircuit complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
Manufacturing precisionVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent designs the delay elements and buffer stages to serve multiple functions: they provide signal buffering, delay adjustment, and duty cycle correction simultaneously. By making these components multi-functional, the patent achieves accurate clock signal generation without proportionally increasing circuit complexity, as the same structural elements perform multiple corrective functions.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #6Universality (Multi-functionality)

Data Source

PatentEP3954045B1Measurement and correction of multiphase clock duty cycle and skew
Publication Date: 2025.08.06 KANDOU LABS SA
  • EP3954045B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP3954045B1 patent drawingFigure 2A
  • EP3954045B1 patent drawingFigure 2B

AI summary

Methods and systems are described for generating, at a plurality of delay stages of a local oscillator, a plurality of phases of a local oscillator signal, generating a loop error signal based on a comparison of one or more phases of the local oscillator signal to one or more phases of a received reference clock, generating a plurality of phase-specific quadrature error signals, each phase-specific quadrature error signal associated with a respective phase of the plurality of phases of the local oscillator signal, each phase-specific quadrature error signal based on a comparison of the respective phase to two or more other phases of the local oscillator signal, and adjusting each delay stage according to a corresponding phase-specific quadrature error signal of the plurality of phase-specific quadrature error signals and the loop error signal.