Recombinant E. coli for Danshensu Production via Enzyme Knockout

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Solution Overview

Problem

Current methods for producing Danshensu, an important compound for treating cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, face challenges such as low yield, high cost, and complexity due to the use of genetically engineered Escherichia coli strains that oxidize the product and require expensive catalysts, as well as side reactions in chemical hydrolysis processes.

Innovation Solution

A recombinant strain is constructed by co-expressing multiple enzymes, including α-hydroxycarboxylic acid dehydrogenase and L-amino acid oxidase, with optional expression of L-glutamate dehydrogenase, L-lactate dehydrogenase, glucose dehydrogenase, or tyrosine phenol lyase, to efficiently produce optically pure Danshensu, reducing costs and improving yield by knocking out genes related to phenolic compound decomposition and enhancing coenzyme synthesis.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Productivity

If E. coli fermentation is used to produce Danshensu, then the production method is established, but the yield is low and cost is high due to product oxidation by hydroxylase and high oxygen consumption

Engineering Contradiction:
ImproveDanshensu yieldVSAvoidproduct oxidation
Core Design Contradiction:
ProductivityVSObject-generated harmful factors

Solution Approach 1:

The patent extracts and removes the harmful hydroxylase enzyme from the E. coli system through genetic knockout. By eliminating the gene responsible for product oxidation, the system prevents self-harm to the Danshensu product while maintaining the fermentation production method.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #2Taking out (Extraction)

Solution Approach 2:

The patent converts the high oxygen consumption characteristic of E. coli fermentation from a harmful factor into a beneficial one by optimizing the metabolic pathway to utilize oxygen more efficiently for Danshensu production rather than for oxidizing the product, thereby turning the same oxygen availability that caused harm into a productive force.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #22Blessing in disguise (Convert harm into benefit)

2Ease of manufacture

If plant extraction is used to obtain Danshensu, then the production method is simple, but the content of Danshensu in Salvia miltiorrhiza is low and the cost is high

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveextraction simplicityVSAvoidDanshensu yield
Core Design Contradiction:
Ease of manufactureVSProductivity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent replaces the mechanical extraction process from plants with a biological fermentation system using genetically engineered E. coli. This substitution allows for controlled high-yield production through metabolic engineering, overcoming the low natural content limitation while maintaining process simplicity through standardized fermentation protocols.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #28Mechanics substitution (Replace mechanical system)

3Productivity

If chemical hydrolysis of salvianolic acid B is used, then Danshensu can be produced, but there are a large number of side reactions and it is not suitable for large-scale production

Engineering Contradiction:
ImprovescalabilityVSAvoidside reactions
Core Design Contradiction:
ProductivityVSObject-generated harmful factors

Solution Approach 1:

The patent replaces the chemical hydrolysis process with an enzymatic pathway in living E. coli cells. This biological system performs the hydrolysis and subsequent transformations in a controlled metabolic sequence, eliminating the uncontrolled side reactions characteristic of chemical methods while enabling scalable fermentation production.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #28Mechanics substitution (Replace mechanical system)

Solution Approach 2:

The patent introduces enzymatic intermediaries within the E. coli metabolic pathway that mediate the conversion of precursors to Danshensu through controlled biochemical steps. These enzymatic intermediaries replace the direct chemical hydrolysis route, providing specificity and preventing side reactions while maintaining production efficiency.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

4Manufacturing precision

If expensive catalysts are used for chiral synthesis, then optically pure Danshensu can be produced, but the cost is extremely high and it stays at laboratory level

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveoptical purityVSAvoidproduction cost
Core Design Contradiction:
Manufacturing precisionVSEase of manufacture

Solution Approach 1:

The patent enables the E. coli system to perform chiral synthesis autonomously through its native enzymatic machinery. The engineered metabolic pathway uses the organism's own enzymes to produce optically pure Danshensu with high stereoselectivity, eliminating the need for expensive external chiral catalysts and enabling cost-effective scale-up from laboratory to industrial production.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #25Self-service

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

The method achieves efficient and cost-effective production of optically pure Danshensu with improved yield and reduced product decomposition, making it suitable for large-scale industrial application.

Implementation Method 1

the present disclosure constructs an engineering strain by co-expressing multiple enzymes, thereby realizing efficient production of Danshensu

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectEnzyme catalysis: Enzyme

Implementation Method 2

an exogenous L-glutamate dehydrogenase, an exogenous L-lactate dehydrogenase, a glucose dehydrogenase

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectDehydrogenation: Redox Reactions

Data Source

PatentUS10829790B2Recombinant <i>E. coli </i>and method of producing Danshensu by using same
Publication Date: 2020.11.10 JIANGNAN UNIV

AI summary

The present disclosure discloses a production method of Danshensu, belonging to the technical field of bioengineering. The present disclosure constructs a novel genetic engineering strain co-expressed by three enzymes, which can be applied to the production of optically pure 3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-2-hydroxypropionic acid. All of the (D/L)-α-hydroxycarboxylic acid dehydrogenase selected by the present disclosure have the characteristics of poor substrate specificity and strong optical specificity, and can produce optically pure D-danshensu and L-danshensu. Further, the production efficiency of the recombinant strain is improved by knocking out or enhancing the expression of a related gene on the E. coli genome to promote substrate transport and reduce product decomposition. The method for producing Danshensu and α-ketoglutaric acid by using the transformation of the recombinant strain according to the present disclosure is simple, has easily available raw materials, few impurities, and has good industrial application prospects.