Recursive Deep Learning Quantization for Weight Bit Reduction

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Solution Overview

Problem

Deep-learning hardware faces challenges due to inadequate model precision, particularly low bit resolution of network weights and data inputs, which is impractical for hardware constraints like physical size and power consumption, and current quantization methods are ineffective in minimizing quantization bits without significant loss of accuracy.

Innovation Solution

The recursive deep quantization technique initializes clusters for each layer of a deep-learning network, repeatedly allocates centroids, and reduces the number of clusters until a predetermined recognition performance threshold is reached, allowing for optimized quantization levels across layers without fixed constraints.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Measurement precision

If double-precision (64-bit) computation is used in software implementation, then model precision is improved, but physical size and power consumption become impractical for hardware constraints

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvemodel precisionVSAvoidpower consumption
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSUse of energy by moving object

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies parameter changes by systematically varying the bit resolution of network weights and data inputs across different layers of the deep-learning network. Instead of using a fixed precision level throughout, the method dynamically adjusts precision parameters to match the computational requirements of each specific layer, thereby reducing overall power consumption while maintaining necessary model precision where critical.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Solution Approach 2:

The patent segments the deep-learning network into multiple layers and applies different quantization strategies to different segments. Each layer is analyzed independently to determine its specific precision requirements, allowing high-precision computation only where necessary and lower-precision computation in other layers, thus optimizing the trade-off between model precision and power consumption across the entire network.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

2Measurement precision

If double-precision (64-bit) computation is used in software implementation, then model precision is improved, but physical size becomes impractical for hardware constraints

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvemodel precisionVSAvoidphysical size
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSVolume of moving object

Solution Approach 1:

The patent changes the precision parameter from a fixed 64-bit representation to variable bit representations ranging from 8-bit down to lower precisions for different network components. This parameter adaptation allows the hardware implementation to achieve the necessary model precision with significantly reduced storage requirements, making the physical size practical for deployment.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Solution Approach 2:

The patent divides the network into segments with different precision requirements, storing high-precision weights only in layers where they are critical for model accuracy, while using lower-precision representations in other layers. This segmented approach reduces the total volume of storage required while maintaining the necessary model precision.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

3Use of energy by moving object

If quantization is applied to reduce bit resolution of network weights, then power consumption and physical size are reduced, but model precision deteriorates

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvepower consumptionVSAvoidmodel precision
Core Design Contradiction:
Use of energy by moving objectVSMeasurement precision

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies local quality by assigning different quantization levels to different layers and components of the network based on their specific requirements. Critical layers that require high model precision maintain higher bit resolutions, while less sensitive layers use lower precision quantization. This localized approach ensures that model precision is maintained where necessary while achieving power consumption reductions through quantization in other areas.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #3Local quality

Solution Approach 2:

The patent dynamically adjusts the precision parameter for each layer based on its computational characteristics and importance to the overall model accuracy. By changing the bit resolution parameter locally rather than applying a uniform quantization level, the system maintains model precision in critical areas while achieving energy efficiency through quantization in less sensitive areas.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

4Ease of manufacture

If quantization is applied to reduce bit resolution of network weights, then hardware constraints are satisfied, but quantization accuracy is insufficient

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvehardware implementation feasibilityVSAvoidquantization accuracy
Core Design Contradiction:
Ease of manufactureVSManufacturing precision

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies local quality by implementing non-uniform quantization strategies tailored to each layer's characteristics. Instead of applying a coarse quantization level uniformly across all layers, the method uses finer quantization steps in layers where high accuracy is critical and coarser steps where hardware constraints are more pressing. This localized adaptation achieves both hardware feasibility and adequate quantization accuracy.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #3Local quality

Solution Approach 2:

The patent introduces dynamics by making the quantization parameters adaptive rather than static. The quantization levels and precision requirements are determined dynamically based on the specific layer's computational needs and its contribution to overall model accuracy. This dynamic approach allows the system to optimize between hardware implementation feasibility and quantization accuracy for each layer individually.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #15Dynamics

Data Source

PatentUS11755908B2Method and algorithm of recursive deep learning quantization for weight bit reduction
Publication Date: 2023.09.12 SAMSUNG ELECTRONICS CO LTD
  • US11755908B2 patent drawing
  • US11755908B2 patent drawing
  • US11755908B2 patent drawing

AI summary

A system and method to reduce weight storage bits for a deep-learning network includes a quantizing module and a cluster-number reduction module. The quantizing module quantizes neural weights of each quantization layer of the deep-learning network. The cluster-number reduction module reduces the predetermined number of clusters for a layer having a clustering error that is a minimum of the clustering errors of the plurality of quantization layers. The quantizing module requantizes the layer based on the reduced predetermined number of clusters for the layer and the cluster-number reduction module further determines another layer having a clustering error that is a minimum of the clustering errors of the plurality of quantized layers and reduces the predetermined number of clusters for the another layer until a recognition performance of the deep-learning network has been reduced by a predetermined threshold.