Resonant Acoustic Mixing for Homogeneous Explosive Casting

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Solution Overview

Problem

Conventional casting techniques for polymer-bonded explosives often result in non-homogeneous crosslinking and air bubbles, leading to reduced explosive performance and increased sensitivity to shock, impact, and heat, which can cause inadvertent initiation.

Innovation Solution

A process involving microencapsulated cross-linking reagents with resonant acoustic stimulus is used to control the curing reaction, ensuring a homogeneous crosslinked polymer bonded explosive composition by rupturing microcapsules at specific frequencies, allowing uniform mixing and delayed curing to prevent defects and hazards.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Productivity

If conventional casting techniques are used with immediate polymerisation during filling, then the casting process can be completed quickly, but air bubbles are trapped and crosslinking becomes non-homogeneous

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecasting speedVSAvoidhomogeneity of crosslinking
Core Design Contradiction:
ProductivityVSManufacturing precision

Solution Approach 1:

The crosslinking reagent is pre-encapsulated in microcapsules and uniformly distributed in the composition before filling. This preliminary preparation allows the composition to be filled quickly without immediate polymerisation, then cured uniformly afterward without trapping air bubbles or creating non-homogeneous crosslinking.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

Solution Approach 2:

The crosslinking reagent is segmented into microcapsules that can be uniformly distributed throughout the composition. This segmentation allows controlled release and uniform crosslinking throughout the entire volume, preventing localized non-homogeneous crosslinking while maintaining fast casting speeds.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

2Productivity

If polymerisation commences during the fill stage, then the process is efficient, but air bubbles introduced during mixing are retained in the solidified composition

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveprocess efficiencyVSAvoidstability of composition
Core Design Contradiction:
ProductivityVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The microcapsules are prepared and distributed in advance before filling, allowing the composition to be filled efficiently without initiating polymerisation. The actual crosslinking action is delayed until after filling is complete, ensuring air bubbles are eliminated before solidification begins.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

3Ease of manufacture

If high processing temperatures are used for melt-casting high melting point explosives, then the explosives can be cast, but the hazard increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecastability of high melting point explosivesVSAvoidsafety hazard
Core Design Contradiction:
Ease of manufactureVSObject-affected harmful factors

Solution Approach 1:

The invention changes the processing parameters by using room temperature mixing and delayed curing instead of high temperature melt-casting. The crosslinking reagent remains inactive in microcapsules during mixing and filling, allowing safe handling of high melting point explosives, then activates at lower temperatures after filling to complete the curing process.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

4Manufacturing precision

If the composition solidifies before all munitions are filled, then the filling process stops, but this prevents proper filling of all munitions

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecomplete filling of munitionsVSAvoidfilling throughput
Core Design Contradiction:
Manufacturing precisionVSProductivity

Solution Approach 1:

The microcapsules are prepared and distributed in advance, creating a stable precursor composition that does not polymerize during mixing and filling. This preliminary preparation allows continuous filling of multiple munitions without the composition solidifying, maintaining both complete filling and high productivity.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

This method enhances the stability and reduces sensitivity of the explosive composition to friction, impact, and heat, improving the quality and safety of the final product by ensuring a uniform polymeric matrix and reducing the risk of accidental initiation.

Implementation Method 1

applying a resonant acoustic stimulus to the admixture, wherein resonant acoustic stimulus system operates in the frequency range of less than 200 Hz causing the microcapsule to rupture and release said cross linking reagent

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectResonant acoustic stimulus: Resonance

Implementation Method 2

Resonant acoustic mixing (RAM) of an explosive composition

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectResonant acoustic mixing: Resonance

Data Source

PatentEP3606891B1Resonant acoustic mixing (RAM) of an explosive composition
Publication Date: 2023.12.06 BAE SYSTEMS PLC
  • EP3606891B1 patent drawingFigure 1~2a
  • EP3606891B1 patent drawingFigure 2b~3
  • EP3606891B1 patent drawing

AI summary

The invention relates to a cast explosive composition, particularly to a pre-cure castable explosive composition comprising an explosive material, a polymerisable binder, a microencapsulated cross linking reagent, said microencapsulated cross linking reagent, comprising a cross linking agent encapsulated in a microcapsule. Providing a process for formulating a homogenous crosslinked polymer bonded explosive composition comprising the steps of: i) forming an admixture of pre-cure castable explosive composition, said composition comprising an explosive material, a polymerisable binder, a microencapsulated cross linking reagent, said microencapsulated cross linking reagent, comprising a cross linking reagent encapsulated in a microcapsule; wherein the microcapsule, comprises at least one shell wall polymer, wherein the microcapsule's shell wall polymer comprises at least one resonant acoustic stimulus labile linkage, ii) applying resonant acoustic stimulus to the admixture, causing the microcapsule to rupture and release said cross linking reagent, to cause the cure process to start.