RF Power Amplifier Bias Switching With Charge-Holding Capacitors

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Solution Overview

Problem

Conventional RF power amplifiers face inefficiencies in power consumption and switching speed, particularly in multiple-input, multiple-output (MIMO) systems, due to the use of large RF bypass capacitors that require significant current for charging and discharging.

Innovation Solution

The implementation of a system with charge holding capacitors and switches that dynamically apply bias voltages to RF power amplifiers, allowing for fast switching between on and off states, reducing charging currents, and enabling low-power, low-cost CMOS process integration.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Reliability

If large RF bypass capacitors are used to prevent unwanted spurious modulation, then reliability is improved, but power consumption increases due to large current charging surges

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveprevention of spurious modulationVSAvoidpower consumption
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSUse of energy by moving object

Solution Approach 1:

The patent segments the bypass capacitor function by introducing a switching mechanism that divides the capacitor into two operational states: a large capacitor for low-frequency stability and a small capacitor for high-frequency bypassing. This segmentation allows the system to achieve reliable spurious modulation prevention while minimizing charging current surges by only charging the small capacitor during switching transitions.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

The patent applies dynamics by making the capacitor configuration switchable rather than fixed. A switching mechanism dynamically connects or disconnects the large bypass capacitor based on operational requirements, allowing the system to adapt between using the large capacitor for stability and using only the small capacitor for fast switching, thereby reducing power consumption during TDD operations.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #15Dynamics

2Stability of the object's composition

If large RF bypass capacitors are used to bias RF amplifiers on and off, then stability is improved, but switching speed deteriorates due to charging and discharging requirements

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvebias stabilityVSAvoidswitching speed
Core Design Contradiction:
Stability of the object's compositionVSSpeed

Solution Approach 1:

The patent segments the capacitor system into a large bypass capacitor for stability and a small decoupling capacitor for fast switching. The large capacitor maintains bias stability by filtering low-frequency variations, while the small capacitor enables rapid charging and discharging for fast on-off switching, thus resolving the contradiction between stability and switching speed.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

The patent introduces a switching mechanism as an intermediary between the large bypass capacitor and the RF amplifier bias input. This switch acts as a mediator that isolates the large capacitor during fast switching operations, preventing it from slowing down the switching response while still maintaining its stability function when engaged.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

3Reliability

If conventional amplifier designs with large RF bypass capacitors are used, then unwanted spurious modulation is prevented, but device complexity increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvespurious modulation preventionVSAvoidcapacitor and switching structure
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent merges the spurious modulation prevention function and the fast switching function into a unified capacitor switching architecture. By combining the large bypass capacitor with a switching mechanism and a small decoupling capacitor, the system achieves both spurious modulation prevention and fast switching capability while maintaining manageable device complexity through integrated design.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #5Merging (Combining)

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

This solution significantly reduces power consumption and enhances switching speed, facilitating efficient operation in MIMO systems by minimizing current flow and allowing for low-power device implementation.

Implementation Method 1

a first charge holding capacitor having a first electrode electrically coupled to a first output of the bias voltage generator

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectCapacitance: Capacitance

Implementation Method 2

a first switch selectively coupling, based on a first control signal, a first input of the first power amplifier either to the first electrode of the first charge holding capacitor or to a first off state bias voltage

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectElectrical switching: Electrical Resistance

Data Source

PatentEP3627697A1Systems and methods for fast switching time division duplex operation of power amplifiers
Publication Date: 2020.03.25 NXP USA INC
  • EP3627697A1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP3627697A1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP3627697A1 patent drawingFigure 3

AI summary

Power amplifiers, amplifier systems, and related methods are disclosed herein. In one example embodiment, the amplifier system includes a bias controller that enables fast switching between an on state bias voltage and an off state bias voltage for the power amplifier. The bias controller can transition a low impedance switch to an on state to electrically couple a first electrode of a charge holding capacitor to an input of the power amplifier. The charge holding capacitor can be pre charged with the on state bias voltage to quickly provide the on state bias voltage to the power amplifier. The bias controller can also transition the low impedance switch to an off state to couple the input of the power amplifier to the off state bias voltage.