Robot Arm Coupling Device Automatic Detachment Mechanism

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Solution Overview

Problem

Existing robot arm coupling devices require manual effort and are time-consuming when exchanging tools, as they cannot automatically detach if the coupling surfaces are not horizontal, limiting their use in environments where posture control is restricted.

Innovation Solution

A robot arm coupling device featuring a cam member with locking and unlocking balls and tapered surfaces, along with a cylinder member and compression spring, allows for automatic detachment of tools regardless of the coupling surface orientation by using air passages and nozzles to shift the cam member between locking and unlocking positions, facilitating easy and quick tool exchange.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Extent of automation

If the coupling device uses only ball members and tapered surfaces for locking, then the structure is simple, but automatic detachment is not possible when the coupling surface is not horizontal

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveautomatic detachmentVSAvoidstructure complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
Extent of automationVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The coupling device is divided into two independent ball members (first ball member for locking, second ball member for detachment) that operate separately but cooperatively. This segmentation allows each ball member to have a specialized function, enabling automatic detachment while maintaining structural simplicity through modular design

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

The cam member acts as an intermediary element that translates the unlocking motion into separate actions: pressing the first ball member against the tapered surface for locking, and pressing the second ball member against the flat surface for detachment. This intermediary mechanism enables automatic operation without requiring complex direct coupling between the actuator and both ball members

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

2Adaptability or versatility

If the coupling surface is not horizontal, then the device can be used in various orientations, but the tool plate cannot separate automatically and requires manual intervention

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveorientation adaptabilityVSAvoiddetachment ease
Core Design Contradiction:
Adaptability or versatilityVSEase of operation

Solution Approach 1:

The second ball member is designed to work with the flat surface to enable self-service automatic detachment. When the cam member presses the second ball member against the flat surface, the tool plate is automatically pushed away from the arm side attachment without requiring manual pulling or positioning, allowing the system to detach itself in any orientation

Inventive Principle:
Principle #25Self-service

Solution Approach 2:

The solution introduces a new dimension of operation by adding the second ball member that operates in a different direction than the first ball member. While the first ball member handles radial locking forces, the second ball member handles axial detachment forces, creating a two-dimensional separation of functions that enables automatic detachment regardless of coupling surface orientation

Inventive Principle:
Principle #17Another dimension (Dimensionality change)

3Productivity

If manual pulling is required for detachment, then the locking mechanism is simple, but the exchange work becomes troublesome and time-consuming

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvetool exchange speedVSAvoiddetachment operation
Core Design Contradiction:
ProductivityVSEase of operation

Solution Approach 1:

The cam member continuously performs useful action during the unlocking process by sequentially pressing the first ball member for locking release and then the second ball member for detachment. This continuous action eliminates idle time and manual intervention steps, maintaining productive motion throughout the entire detachment sequence

Inventive Principle:
Principle #20Continuity of useful action

Solution Approach 2:

The locking and detachment functions are prepared in advance through the mechanical design of the cam member geometry and ball member positions. The cam member's shape预先 configures the sequence of operations, so that when actuated, the locking is released and detachment is initiated in the correct sequence without requiring complex control logic or manual timing

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

Enables automatic and efficient tool exchange without manual intervention, even when the coupling surfaces are not horizontal, reducing the time and effort required for tool detachment and attachment operations.

Implementation Method 1

a compression spring, which is configured to urge the cam member in the direction of the locking position

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectElasticity: Elasticity

Implementation Method 2

a cylinder member, the piston of which is slidable in the cylinder room between a retracted position and an extended position

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectPneumatics: Pressurisation

Data Source

PatentEP1970170B1Robot arm coupling device
Publication Date: 2011.01.12 STAR SEIKI CO LTD
  • EP1970170B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP1970170B1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP1970170B1 patent drawingFigure 3

AI summary

Even if the coupling surface of an arm side attachment (3) and a tool side attachment (5) is directed in a direction other than the horizontal direction, the tool side attachment can be automatically separated and detached from the arm side attachment. When exchanging a tool, the worker does not have to forcibly pull out and detach a tool side attachment from an arm side attachment, a tool can be exchanged automatically, and the exchange work can be performed easily in a short period of time. When the cam member (17) is shifted from the unlocking position to the locking position, locking balls (13) which slide on locking inclined tapered surfaces (17a) to be shifted to the outside along the radius direction are engaged with engaging inclined tapered surface (23a) so as to mutually couple an arm side attachment (3) and a tool side attachment (5). When the cam member (17) is shifted from the locking position to the unlocking position, the engagement of the locking balls (13) with respect to the engaging inclined tapered surfaces (23a) is released, and unlocking balls (15) which slide on thrusting inclined tapered surfaces (17b) to be shifted to the outside along the radius direction slide on the separating inclined tapered surfaces (23b) to enable to thrust the tool side attachment (5) from the arm side attachment (3).