Domain Adaptation for Robotic Control Simulation

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Solution Overview

Problem

Training action selection neural networks for robotic agents interacting with real-world environments is challenging due to the difficulty in effectively utilizing simulation data, as it is drawn from a different domain than the real-world environment, leading to poor performance and mechanical wear on the robotic agent.

Innovation Solution

The system employs a generator neural network to adapt simulation images to resemble real-world images, and trains the action selection neural network jointly with a domain classifier to generate features invariant between domains, reducing the need for large labeled real-world datasets and minimizing mechanical wear.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Productivity

If simulation data is used to train the action selection neural network, then training efficiency is improved and mechanical wear is reduced, but performance in real-world environment deteriorates due to domain difference

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvetraining efficiencyVSAvoidperformance in real-world environment
Core Design Contradiction:
ProductivityVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The patent creates a simulated copy of the real-world environment and robotic agent. This simulation copy allows extensive training to be performed virtually, generating large amounts of labeled training data without mechanical wear. The simulation faithfully reproduces the real-world dynamics and visual appearance, enabling the neural network to learn effective policies that transfer to the real agent.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #26Copying

Solution Approach 2:

The patent employs domain adaptation techniques that modify the parameters and distributions of the simulation data to better match the real-world domain. By adjusting visual appearance parameters, dynamics parameters, and data distribution characteristics, the simulation data becomes more representative of real-world conditions, improving transfer performance while maintaining training efficiency benefits.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

2Reliability

If large labeled real-world datasets are collected for training, then performance in real-world environment is improved, but time consumption and resource consumption increase significantly

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveperformance in real-world environmentVSAvoidtime consumption for data collection
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSLoss of time

Solution Approach 1:

Instead of collecting large amounts of real-world data through time-consuming interactions, the patent generates equivalent training data in simulation. The simulated agent interacts with the simulated environment to collect state-action-reward trajectories, which are then used to train the neural network. This copying approach reduces data collection time from potentially days or weeks to minutes or hours.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #26Copying

Solution Approach 2:

The patent performs preliminary training in the simulated environment before deploying to the real world. By pre-training the neural network in simulation using generated data, the system accumulates sufficient training samples and learns effective policies in advance. This preliminary action in simulation eliminates the need for extensive real-world data collection, saving significant time and resources.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

3Measurement precision

If real-world data is collected through actual interaction, then data quality with accurate labels is obtained, but mechanical wear on the robotic agent increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvedata label accuracyVSAvoidmechanical wear
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSObject-affected harmful factors

Solution Approach 1:

The patent performs all data collection in a simulated copy of the real-world environment. The simulated agent interacts with simulated objects and environments, generating state-action-reward data with perfectly accurate labels. Since these interactions occur in simulation rather than physical reality, no mechanical wear is inflicted on the actual robotic agent while still obtaining high-quality labeled training data.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #26Copying

Solution Approach 2:

The simulation environment automatically generates all necessary training data through the simulated agent's interactions. The simulation self-provides the labeled datasets needed for training without requiring physical real-world experiments. This self-service capability in simulation eliminates the harmful mechanical wear that would otherwise occur during data collection.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #25Self-service

4Reliability

If domain adaptation is applied to bridge simulation and real-world domains, then transfer performance is improved, but system complexity increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvetransfer performanceVSAvoidsystem complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent introduces domain adaptation techniques as an intermediary layer between simulation and real-world domains. This intermediary process transforms simulated training data to better match real-world distributions, improving transfer performance. The domain adaptation acts as a bridge that reconciles the differences between simulation and reality without requiring complete system redesign.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

Solution Approach 2:

The domain adaptation process modifies specific parameters such as visual appearance, dynamics characteristics, and data distributions to align simulation with reality. By selectively adjusting these parameters rather than overhauling the entire system, the patent improves transfer performance while controlling the increase in complexity to manageable levels.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Data Source

PatentEP3616130B1Using simulation and domain adaptation for robotic control
Publication Date: 2024.04.10 GOOGLE LLC
  • EP3616130B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP3616130B1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP3616130B1 patent drawingFigure 3

AI summary

Methods, systems, and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on computer storage media, for training an action selection neural network that is used to control a robotic agent interacting with a real-world environment.