Rogowski Coil Detector Supplement for Spectroscopy Saturation
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current detectors in photoemission spectrometry and time of flight mass spectrometry face limitations such as saturation, low duty cycle, and inability to perform correlated measurements of photons and charged particles in the same direction of propagation, leading to restricted data acquisition and affected output spectra.
Innovation Solution
A detector supplement device based on a Rogowski coil is integrated into spectroscopy setups to enable synchronized detection of photons and charged particles by passing electron/ion currents through a toroidal coil, inducing a current and allowing for correlated measurements.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Measurement precision
If electron multipliers (MCP or CEM) are used for detection, then detection sensitivity is improved, but saturation occurs due to high number of electrons hitting the detector in time shorter than response time
Solution Approach 1:
A Rogowski coil is introduced as an intermediary device between the electron source and the electron multiplier detector. The coil detects electron currents through electromagnetic induction without the electrons directly hitting the detector, thereby preventing saturation while maintaining detection sensitivity. The induced voltage in the coil is proportional to the rate of change of electron current, providing accurate measurement without the saturation limitations of direct impact detectors.
2Reliability
If pulsed sampling is used to avoid ion bunch overlapping, then ion bunch overlapping is prevented, but duty cycle is limited and high repetition rate sources cannot be used
Solution Approach 1:
The mechanical/pulsed sampling system is replaced with an electromagnetic detection system using a Rogowski coil. Instead of periodically pulsing ions and waiting for them to separate, the coil continuously detects electron currents through electromagnetic induction. This substitution allows for continuous operation at high repetition rates without ion bunch overlapping, achieving 100% duty cycle while maintaining reliable detection.
3Measurement precision
If the incident beam is stopped to be measured with electron multipliers, then charged particles can be detected, but correlated measurements of photon-photoelectron signals in the same direction of propagation become impossible
Solution Approach 1:
The detection function is segmented into two independent components: the Rogowski coil detects electron currents through electromagnetic induction without intercepting the beam, while the electron multiplier can detect photons or charged particles in the same direction. This segmentation allows both detection methods to operate simultaneously without interfering with each other, enabling correlated measurements of photon-photoelectron signals while maintaining charged particle detection capability.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
This solution enhances response time, achieves 100% duty cycle, and enables correlated measurements of photons and photoelectrons in the same direction, overcoming limitations of existing detectors by sensitive detection of electron/ion currents and hollow-cored configuration.
Implementation Method 1
a detector supplement device based on a Rogowski coil is integrated into spectroscopy setups to enable synchronized detection of photons and charged particles by passing electron/ion currents through a toroidal coil, inducing a current
Data Source
AI summary
A detector supplement device for integration in a spectroscopy setup with the spectroscopy setup including a vacuum chamber, a light source, a sample irradiating a reflected photon beam and a charged particle beam in the same direction of propagation into a radiation detector which is able to detect ultrafast electric currents originating from charged particles. The detector supplement device includes a Rogowski coil placeable inside the vacuum chamber between the sample and radiation detector. The charged particle beam is guided through the hollow core of the Rogowski coil allowing synchronized measurements of electrical currents due to the charged particle beam correlated to the reflected photon beam, while irradiation of the reflected photon beam and the charged particle beam takes place in the same direction of propagation.