Multi-Point Rotating Gas Injection for Liquid Metal Stirring

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Solution Overview

Problem

Existing stirring methods for liquid metal in steelmaking vessels are inefficient, leading to the presence of dead zones and inadequate desulphurization, which affects the cleanliness and quality of the final steel product.

Innovation Solution

A stirring method using a device with at least two distinct injection points for inert gas and powder, one located in the bottom half of the liquid metal and the other near the liquid metal/slag interface, combined with rotation of the device, to enhance mass transfer and reduce dead zones.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Productivity

If gas injection rate is increased to improve stirring efficiency, then mixing effectiveness improves, but metal splashes occur which are dangerous for operators and may damage equipment

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvestirring efficiencyVSAvoidmetal splashes
Core Design Contradiction:
ProductivityVSObject-affected harmful factors

Solution Approach 1:

The gas injection system is segmented into multiple injection points distributed around the vessel circumference rather than using a single injection point. This segmentation allows gas to be injected at multiple locations simultaneously, improving overall stirring efficiency while distributing the mechanical impact to prevent concentrated metal splashing at any single location.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

The invention transitions from vertical gas injection (from above) to horizontal gas injection (from the side of the vessel). This dimensional change in injection direction fundamentally alters the flow pattern, creating more effective circulation while avoiding the upward splashing that occurs with vertical injection, thereby eliminating the safety hazard for operators.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #17Another dimension (Dimensionality change)

2Productivity

If conventional gas injection is used, then some stirring is achieved, but dead zones remain on the vessel circumference farthest from injection points

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvestirring effectivenessVSAvoiduniformity of mixing
Core Design Contradiction:
ProductivityVSStability of the object's composition

Solution Approach 1:

Multiple gas injection points are positioned around the vessel circumference at different angular positions. This segmentation ensures that gas injection occurs at multiple locations simultaneously, creating multiple flow cells that collectively cover the entire liquid metal volume, including regions farthest from any single injection point, thereby eliminating dead zones.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

The gas injection system is designed to serve multiple functions simultaneously: it provides stirring action, creates flow circulation, and ensures uniform composition throughout the liquid metal. The multi-point injection configuration allows a single system to achieve comprehensive mixing effectiveness across the entire vessel volume.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #6Universality (Multi-functionality)

3Manufacturing precision

If desulphurization is performed efficiently, then sulphur content is reduced, but the process requires precise control of multiple parameters including oxygen content, slag composition, and stirring kinetics

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvesulphur content controlVSAvoidprocess control requirements
Core Design Contradiction:
Manufacturing precisionVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The gas injection system is pre-configured with multiple injection points positioned at optimal locations around the vessel circumference. This preliminary arrangement of injection points creates an immediate and uniform stirring action from the start of the desulphurization process, eliminating the need for complex real-time adjustment of injection patterns or positions during the process.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

Solution Approach 2:

The multi-point gas injection system automatically creates the desired flow patterns and stirring action without requiring active control or adjustment during the desulphurization process. The system self-regulates by utilizing the natural flow dynamics created by the fixed injection configuration, reducing the operational complexity of controlling oxygen content, slag composition, and stirring kinetics.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #25Self-service

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

This method improves desulphurization efficiency, reduces mixing time, and enhances the cleanliness of the liquid metal by promoting the formation of calcium sulphides and reducing the presence of inclusions, without creating metal splashes or open eyes that could be detrimental to operator safety and equipment.

Implementation Method 1

injection of an inert gas, such as nitrogen or argon, into the liquid metal

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectGas bubble rise: Bubble

Implementation Method 2

enhance mass transfer and reduce dead zones

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectMass transfer: Diffusion

Implementation Method 3

combined with rotation of the device, to enhance mass transfer and reduce dead zones

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectRotational flow: Vortex Ring

Implementation Method 4

The main reaction for sulphur transfer which can occur at high temperature combines dissolved sulphur (S) in the liquid metal and calcium ions in the slag to form calcium sulphide which can be dissolved in the slag

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectChemical reaction: Chemical Bonding

Implementation Method 5

depending on its 'sulphide capacity': S + (CaO) = (CaS) + O

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectSulphide capacity: Absorption (physical)

Data Source

PatentEP4150128B1Stirring method of liquid metal and associated device
Publication Date: 2025.05.07 ARCELORMITTAL SA
  • EP4150128B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP4150128B1 patent drawingFigure 2A~2B
  • EP4150128B1 patent drawingFigure 3A~4C

AI summary

A method to stir liquid metal contained into a steelmaking vessel, said liquid metal being surrounded by a slag layer, the method comprising injection of a gas, optionally containing a powder, by at least two injection means located at at least two different injection points along the depth of the liquid metal, the first injection point being located in the bottom half of the liquid metal and the second injection point being located in the vicinity below the interface between liquid metal and slag layer, the gas injection being performed while rotating injection means along the vertical axis of the vessel. Associated device.