Saliva DNA Methylation Profiling for RSV Severity Prognosis

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Solution Overview

Problem

Current methods lack reliable strategies for differentiating between severe and mild/moderate Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) infections, particularly in young children, and there is a need to understand the underlying immune response mechanisms to develop effective treatments and preventive measures.

Innovation Solution

An in vitro method utilizing epigenetic analysis of saliva samples to determine the methylation status of ZBTB38 and TRIM6-TRIM34 genes, specifically through CpG sites, to differentiate between severe and mild/moderate RSV infections.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Measurement precision

If traditional clinical methods are used to assess RSV infection severity, then the diagnosis process is simple and non-invasive, but the ability to accurately differentiate between severe and mild/moderate cases is insufficient

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveaccuracy of RSV severity differentiationVSAvoidcomplexity of diagnostic method
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent replaces traditional clinical assessment methods with epigenetic analysis of DNA methylation patterns. By measuring methylation status at specific CpG sites in saliva samples, the method achieves more accurate differentiation of RSV infection severity without requiring complex invasive procedures or sophisticated equipment.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #28Mechanics substitution (Replace mechanical system)

Solution Approach 2:

The patent utilizes changes in DNA methylation parameters as biomarkers for infection severity. By analyzing methylation levels at specific CpG sites (such as those in the ZBTB38 and TRIM6-TRIM34 genes), the method transforms physical/chemical state information into diagnostic capability, enabling accurate severity classification.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

2Quantity of substance

If invasive sampling methods are used to obtain sufficient cellular material for analysis, then the quantity and quality of DNA/RNA obtained is high, but the procedure becomes less convenient and more difficult for children

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvequantity and quality of DNA/RNAVSAvoidconvenience of sampling
Core Design Contradiction:
Quantity of substanceVSEase of operation

Solution Approach 1:

The patent uses saliva as an intermediary medium to access genetic information. Saliva serves as a non-invasive collection point that contains sufficient cellular material for epigenetic analysis, eliminating the need for more invasive sampling methods while maintaining adequate DNA/RNA quality and quantity for diagnostic purposes.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

3Ease of operation

If epigenetic analysis of saliva is performed, then a non-invasive and accurate prognosis method is achieved, but the methodology is novel and requires validation

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvenon-invasive samplingVSAvoidneed for method validation
Core Design Contradiction:
Ease of operationVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The patent performs preliminary epigenetic analysis on saliva samples collected during the acute phase of RSV infection to identify differentially methylated positions that correlate with infection severity. This preliminary investigation establishes the foundation for a reliable diagnostic method that can be validated and implemented.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

The method provides a non-invasive and accurate prognosis of RSV infection severity by identifying differentially methylated positions and regions, enabling effective differentiation between severe and mild/moderate cases.

Implementation Method 1

Epigenetic analyses used the Illumina EPIC BeadChip for DNA isolated from saliva samples. A panel of differentially methylated positions distinguishing severe from mild to moderate symptoms in infants was identified.

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectDNA methylation:

Data Source

PatentEP4650459A1Prognosis of a respiratory syncytial virus infection
Publication Date: 2025.11.19 FUNDACION INST DE INVESTIGACION SANITARIA DE SANTIAGO DE COMPOSTELA (FIDIS)
  • EP4650459A1 patent drawingFigure 1A~1B
  • EP4650459A1 patent drawingFigure 2A~2B
  • EP4650459A1 patent drawingFigure 3A

AI summary

The present invention refers to an in vitro method for the prognosis of a Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) infection, or for differentiating patients suffering from a severe RSV infection from patients that have a mild or moderate RSV.