Series MTJ Memory Cell Layout for Polymorphic Storage States

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Solution Overview

Problem

Existing MRAM storage technologies are limited to recording two states (0 and 1) due to the difference in high and low resistance of magnetic tunnel junctions, restricting data storage capacity.

Innovation Solution

Implementing a storage unit with first and second magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) connected in series, where currents with different directions and magnitudes flow through them, allowing for polymorphic storage by combining different resistance values.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Quantity of substance

If a single magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) is used for storage, then the device structure is simple, but the storage capacity is limited to two states (0 and 1)

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvestorage capacityVSAvoiddevice structure
Core Design Contradiction:
Quantity of substanceVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The storage unit is divided into multiple magnetic tunnel junctions (first MTJ and second MTJ) with different resistance values. Each MTJ can independently contribute to the total resistance state, enabling the system to represent more than two states. This segmentation allows the storage capacity to expand from 2 states to 4 or more states while maintaining a relatively modular and manageable structure.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

Multiple magnetic tunnel junctions are combined in a single storage unit, where their resistance values are merged to create composite resistance states. The first MTJ and second MTJ work together to produce four distinct resistance statuses, effectively combining their individual binary states into a polymorphic storage system that achieves higher capacity without requiring proportionally more complex external circuitry.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #5Merging (Combining)

2Productivity

If multiple magnetic tunnel junctions are used to increase storage capacity, then the storage efficiency improves, but the manufacturing complexity increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvestorage efficiencyVSAvoidmanufacturing complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
ProductivityVSEase of manufacture

Solution Approach 1:

The patent utilizes parameter changes in the magnetic tunnel junctions, specifically varying the resistance values of different MTJs through controlled adjustments in their structural parameters (such as layer thickness or material composition). This allows the first MTJ and second MTJ to have distinct resistance characteristics that can be precisely tuned during manufacturing, enabling polymorphic storage states while maintaining compatibility with existing fabrication processes.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

3Quantity of substance

If more MTJs are used to achieve eight or sixteen resistance statuses, then the storage capacity increases, but the device area increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvedata storage capacityVSAvoiddevice area
Core Design Contradiction:
Quantity of substanceVSArea of stationary object

Solution Approach 1:

The patent transitions from binary (2-state) storage to polymorphic (4-state, 8-state, or 16-state) storage by adding another dimension of resistance variation. Instead of simply adding more storage elements in parallel, the invention exploits the dimensional space created by combining multiple resistance values in series, effectively packing more information into the same physical footprint by utilizing resistance as an additional encoding dimension.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #17Another dimension (Dimensionality change)

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

This approach enhances storage efficiency by increasing resistance statuses from four to eight or sixteen, reducing volume and manufacturing costs, and optimizing space utilization.

Implementation Method 1

a magnetoresistive random access memory (magnetic random access memory, MRAM) is a new nonvolatile memory technology

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectMagnetoresistance: Magnetoresistance

Implementation Method 2

the MRAM stores information by using a change of a magnetic polarization direction

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectMagnetic tunneling:

Implementation Method 3

the magnetization direction is inverted by spin-polarized electrons

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectSpin-polarized electron effect:

Data Source

PatentEP4191591B1Storage unit and related device
Publication Date: 2026.01.28 HUAWEI TECH CO LTD
  • EP4191591B1 patent drawingFigure 1a~1b
  • EP4191591B1 patent drawingFigure 2~3
  • EP4191591B1 patent drawingFigure 4~5

AI summary

Embodiments of this application provide a storage unit and a related device. A first electrode of a first MTJ included in the storage unit is connected in series to a first electrode of a second MTJ by using a first metallic wire. The first electrode of the first MTJ and the first electrode of the second MTJ are electrodes of the same layer. Currents with different directions and different magnitudes flow through the first MTJ and the second MTJ, thereby changing a resistance status of the first MTJ and/or the second MTJ. In this way, polymorphic storage may be implemented by using a combination of different resistance values of the first MTJ and the second MTJ, thereby improving storage efficiency of a memory.