SiC Gate Driver Modular Layout for EMI Noise Reduction

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Solution Overview

Problem

Silicon carbide (SiC) semiconductor power devices are susceptible to electromagnetic interference (EMI) noise due to the close proximity of gate drivers and power supply components on compact circuit boards, which impairs their performance.

Innovation Solution

A modular system comprising separate gate driver circuit boards, power supply circuit boards, and interconnect circuit boards with isolation transformers and tracing layers to reduce EMI noise, allowing for easy replacement and effective noise suppression.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Area of stationary object

If gate drivers and power supply components are placed in close proximity on compact circuit boards, then circuit footprint is reduced, but electromagnetic interference (EMI) noise increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecircuit footprintVSAvoidelectromagnetic interference noise
Core Design Contradiction:
Area of stationary objectVSObject-affected harmful factors

Solution Approach 1:

The circuit board is divided into distinct functional zones: a first circuit board for gate drivers, a second circuit board for power supply components, and a third circuit board (interconnect) to connect them. This spatial segmentation physically separates noise-generating power components from noise-sensitive gate drivers, reducing EMI while maintaining compact overall system footprint through modular architecture.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

The system transitions from a two-dimensional planar layout to a three-dimensional stacked modular configuration. Multiple circuit boards are arranged in vertical layers and connected via interconnect structures, allowing functional separation in the vertical dimension while maintaining a compact horizontal footprint.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #17Another dimension (Dimensionality change)

2Object-affected harmful factors

If gate drivers are separated from power supply components onto different circuit boards, then electromagnetic interference noise is reduced, but device complexity increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveelectromagnetic interference noiseVSAvoidcircuit board configuration
Core Design Contradiction:
Object-affected harmful factorsVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The interconnect circuit board serves multiple functions: it provides electrical connections between separate circuit boards, acts as a shield against electromagnetic interference, and enables modular assembly/disassembly. This multi-functional design reduces overall system complexity despite the distributed architecture by consolidating connection and shielding functions into a single component.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #6Universality (Multi-functionality)

Solution Approach 2:

The interconnect circuit board acts as an intermediary element between the gate driver board and power supply board. It mediates the electrical connections while providing electromagnetic shielding, simplifying the design by offering a standardized interface that handles both signal transmission and noise protection in a single component.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

3Object-affected harmful factors

If copper layers are added to circuit boards for shielding, then electromagnetic interference noise is reduced, but manufacturing complexity increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveelectromagnetic interference noiseVSAvoidcircuit board manufacturing
Core Design Contradiction:
Object-affected harmful factorsVSEase of manufacture

Solution Approach 1:

The circuit boards utilize composite construction with copper layers integrated into the PCB structure. The copper shielding layers are manufactured as integral parts of the circuit board using standard PCB fabrication processes, combining the dielectric substrate with conductive copper layers in a single manufacturable component that provides both electrical function and EMI shielding.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #40Composite materials

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

The modular layout effectively reduces EMI noise while maintaining high switching speeds, enhancing the performance and reliability of SiC semiconductor power devices by isolating noise sources and using copper layers to shield electromagnetic interference.

Implementation Method 1

the power supply circuit board includes an isolation transformer

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectElectromagnetic induction: Electromagnetic Induction

Implementation Method 2

first gate driver circuit board includes a tracing layer disposed on a copper layer

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectElectromagnetic shielding: Faraday Cage

Data Source

PatentEP3398253B1Ultra high performance silicon carbide gate drivers
Publication Date: 2022.04.06 GENERAL ELECTRIC CO
  • EP3398253B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP3398253B1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP3398253B1 patent drawingFigure 3

AI summary

A system includes a SiC semiconductor power device; a power supply board that is configured to provide power to a first gate driver board via a connector; the first gate driver board that is coupled and configured to provide current to the SiC semiconductor power device, wherein the first gate driver board is coupled to the power supply board via the connector, and wherein the first gate driver board is separated from the power supply board; and an interconnect board that is coupled to the first gate driver board, wherein the interconnect board is configured to couple the first gate driver board a second gate driver board.