Spiral Coupling Line Layout for Low-Loss Impedance-Matched Couplers
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing couplers face limitations in improving insertion loss and are prone to electromagnetic interference due to fixed width and spacing of coupling lines, leading to deteriorated electrical performance.
Innovation Solution
A coupler design featuring spiral coupling lines with overlapping internal ground patterns to induce interference, allowing for a thicker circuit configuration and wider line width, thereby enhancing electrical performance and reducing size.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Loss of energy
If the width and spacing of coupling lines are determined to realize required impedance, then impedance matching is achieved, but insertion loss characteristics cannot be improved
Solution Approach 1:
The coupling line is divided into multiple segments with different width ratios. Specifically, the first coupling line has a first width and the second coupling line has a second width, where the width ratio varies along the length of the coupling lines. This segmentation allows different portions of the coupling line to contribute differently to impedance matching and loss reduction, resolving the contradiction between maintaining impedance matching and improving insertion loss characteristics.
Solution Approach 2:
Different sections of the coupling line are assigned different local properties through varying width ratios. The coupling line structure transitions from uniform width to non-uniform width distribution, where specific regions have optimized width ratios to locally enhance coupling efficiency and reduce insertion loss while maintaining overall impedance matching requirements.
2Loss of energy
If current flows through adjacent lines in opposite directions, then coupling function is achieved, but electromagnetic interference occurs deteriorating coupler characteristics
Solution Approach 1:
The invention converts the harmful electromagnetic interference caused by opposite-direction currents into a beneficial effect. By carefully designing the width ratio and spacing between coupling lines, the electromagnetic fields from opposite currents are made to partially cancel each other in unwanted directions while enhancing coupling in the desired direction. This transforms the interference problem into an enhanced coupling mechanism.
3Loss of energy
If traditional straight coupling lines are used, then simple structure is maintained, but coupling efficiency and electrical performance are limited
Solution Approach 1:
The invention replaces straight coupling lines with curved or spiral configurations. The coupling lines follow curved paths with varying radius, which increases the effective coupling area and improves electromagnetic field interaction between lines. This curvature transformation enhances coupling efficiency and electrical performance while accepting increased structural complexity.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The design improves insertion loss and overall electrical performance by increasing the line width and thickness of the circuit, resulting in stronger coupling and reduced size compared to traditional couplers.
Implementation Method 1
since the current flowing through adjacent lines 5 and 6 is in opposite directions, electromagnetic interference occurs
Data Source
AI summary
The present invention relates to a coupler having a spiral coupling line, and may include a coupler body including ground electrodes and port electrodes for power connection to an outside on a lower surface; a first coupling line located inside the coupler body, electrically connected to at least one of the port electrodes, and having a spiral structure as a whole; a second coupling line located inside the coupler body, electrically connected to at least another one of the port electrodes, and having a shape corresponding to the first coupling line; and an internal ground pattern electrically connected to the ground electrodes.