SPM Probe Thinning TEM Specimens for Sub-100 nm Precision

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Solution Overview

Problem

The production of extremely thin TEM specimens is difficult, as existing methods like Focused Ion Beam milling often cannot thin specimens to less than 100 nm without complex and costly processes, and combining TEM with SPM techniques is technically complex and rarely documented.

Innovation Solution

A method and apparatus that uses a Scanning Probe Microscopy (SPM) probe to thin TEM specimens by scratching the surface, allowing for progressive thinning and simultaneous or subsequent SPM acquisition, enabling 3D tomographic data collection without back projection algorithms.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Manufacturing precision

If Focused Ion Beam milling is used to thin TEM specimens, then specimen thickness is reduced, but the process becomes complex and costly, and cannot achieve thickness below 100 nm without additional complex steps

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvespecimen thicknessVSAvoidprocess complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
Manufacturing precisionVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent combines TEM imaging capability with SPM thinning capability in a single integrated system. The SPM probe is positioned within the TEM column, allowing simultaneous or sequential thinning and imaging operations on the same specimen without removing it from the instrument. This integration eliminates the need for separate FIB milling equipment and multiple specimen handling steps, thereby reducing overall process complexity while achieving atomic-layer precision thinning to below 100 nm.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #5Merging (Combining)

2Manufacturing precision

If Focused Ion Beam milling is used to thin TEM specimens to less than 100 nm, then specimen thickness is reduced, but multiple complex manipulations are required

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvespecimen thicknessVSAvoidoperation simplicity
Core Design Contradiction:
Manufacturing precisionVSEase of operation

Solution Approach 1:

The system performs self-service by using the TEM column itself to provide both the imaging environment and the thinning mechanism. The SPM probe, positioned within the existing TEM vacuum chamber and electron beam path, thins the specimen in situ without requiring removal to external FIB equipment. This self-contained approach eliminates multiple specimen manipulations and transfers, making the thinning process simpler and more straightforward while achieving the required sub-100 nm thickness.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #25Self-service

3Adaptability or versatility

If TEM and SPM are combined, then multi-functional analysis is enabled, but the technical complexity increases and documentation is scarce

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvemulti-functional analysisVSAvoidsystem complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
Adaptability or versatilityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent implements universality by designing the SPM probe to serve multiple functions within the TEM system. The same probe can perform topographical mapping, electrical property measurements, and mechanical thinning operations. The integrated system allows users to switch between TEM imaging, SPM scanning, and thinning modes using a single instrument platform, thereby enabling multi-functional analysis without requiring separate specialized equipment for each technique.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #6Universality (Multi-functionality)

4Manufacturing precision

If conventional TEM specimen preparation is used, then electron transparency is achieved, but thickness cannot be reduced to very low values without complex processes

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvespecimen thicknessVSAvoidpreparation ease
Core Design Contradiction:
Manufacturing precisionVSEase of manufacture

Solution Approach 1:

The patent replaces conventional mechanical and ion-based thinning methods with a controlled mechanical scratching process using an SPM probe. Instead of using FIB milling or complex multi-step mechanical thinning, the SPM probe applies controlled forces to scratch and remove material layer by layer. This mechanical substitution approach, performed within the TEM column, achieves very low thickness values while simplifying the preparation process and improving ease of manufacture.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #28Mechanics substitution (Replace mechanical system)

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

Enables thinning of TEM specimens to very low thickness without complex operations, allowing for straightforward 3D tomographic data acquisition of structural and electrical characteristics, overcoming the limitations of existing techniques by physically removing layers and avoiding projection artifacts.

Implementation Method 1

at least an area of the specimen is thinned by scratching a surface of the specimen with a probe suitable for Scanning Probe Microscopy (SPM)

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectAbrasion: Abrasion

Implementation Method 2

the thinned area is exposed to an electron beam and a TEM image is taken of the thinned area

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectElectron transmission: Electron Beam

Data Source

PatentEP3364445B1A method and apparatus for transmission for transmission electron
Publication Date: 2020.11.04 INTERUNIVERSITAIR MICRO ELECTRONICS CENT (IMEC VZW)
  • EP3364445B1 patent drawingFigure 1a~2b
  • EP3364445B1 patent drawingFigure 3
  • EP3364445B1 patent drawingFigure 4

AI summary

The invention is related to a method and apparatus for transmission electron microscopy wherein a TEM specimen (1,12) is subjected to at least one thinning step by scratching at least an area of the specimen with an SPM probe (4), and wherein the thinned area is subjected to an SPM acquisition step, using the same SPM probe or another probe.