Superconducting Clock Distribution Network for Zero-Current Resonance

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Solution Overview

Problem

CMOS technology-based digital circuits face limitations in device size and power consumption, especially at high clock speeds, due to static power maintenance and current leakage, even when inactive, leading to inefficiencies in power usage.

Innovation Solution

A clock distribution network for superconducting integrated circuits utilizing a resonant clock network (RCN) with metamaterial transmission lines (MTLs) that include unit cells with spines and stubs, where the spine carries zero current, reducing power consumption and enhancing efficiency by up to 90% through zero-order resonance.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Loss of energy

If CMOS technology is used for digital circuits, then device functionality is achieved, but power consumption increases due to static power maintenance and current leakage

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvepower consumptionVSAvoiddevice functionality
Core Design Contradiction:
Loss of energyVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The patent transitions from CMOS technology operating at room temperature to superconducting circuits operating at cryogenic temperatures (near absolute zero). This parameter change in operating temperature enables zero-resistance current flow, eliminating static power consumption and leakage currents while maintaining full device functionality. The superconducting state fundamentally changes the electrical properties of the circuit materials.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Solution Approach 2:

The patent replaces the conventional CMOS electronic system with a superconducting electronic system that operates on different physical principles. Instead of relying on transistor switching with inherent leakage, the invention uses superconducting Josephson junctions and resonant circuits that operate without resistive losses, substituting the underlying physical mechanism to achieve zero static power consumption.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #28Mechanics substitution (Replace mechanical system)

2Loss of energy

If clock distribution network is implemented in superconducting circuits, then clock signal distribution is achieved, but power dissipation occurs in traditional transmission lines

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvepower dissipationVSAvoidclock signal distribution
Core Design Contradiction:
Loss of energyVSSpeed

Solution Approach 1:

The patent employs resonant circuits operating at specific frequencies to distribute clock signals. By tuning the resonant frequency of transmission line segments to match the clock signal frequency, the system achieves efficient energy transfer with minimal dissipation. The resonant oscillation enables synchronous clock distribution across the circuit without the continuous power loss associated with conventional resistive transmission lines.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #18Mechanical vibration

Solution Approach 2:

The patent changes the electrical parameters of the transmission lines by operating them in a superconducting state at cryogenic temperatures. This parameter change reduces the resistance to nearly zero, eliminating I²R power dissipation in the clock distribution network while maintaining signal integrity and enabling high-speed clock signal propagation throughout the integrated circuit.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

3Area of moving object

If device size is reduced in CMOS technology, then integration density increases, but power loss from maintaining transistor state increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvedevice sizeVSAvoidpower loss
Core Design Contradiction:
Area of moving objectVSLoss of energy

Solution Approach 1:

The patent changes the fundamental operating parameters by transitioning to superconducting circuits that operate at temperatures near absolute zero. This parameter change eliminates the need for continuous power supply to maintain transistor states, as superconducting circuits maintain their quantum states without energy input. The result is that highly integrated circuits can be built without the proportional increase in static power consumption that plagues scaled CMOS devices.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

The RCN with MTLs effectively distributes clock signals and power across superconducting integrated circuits with minimal power dissipation, achieving high efficiency and precision in amplitude and phase, addressing the inefficiencies of CMOS technology.

Implementation Method 1

The first clock structure may further include at least one spine connected to the at least one stub, where the at least one stub may further be inductively coupled to at least one first superconducting element

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectElectromagnetic induction: Electromagnetic Induction

Implementation Method 2

The first clock structure may be configured to be a first resonant structure, at a frequency of the clock signal, having substantially zero current along the at least one spine

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectResonance: Resonance

Implementation Method 3

A clock distribution network for superconducting integrated circuits utilizing a resonant clock network (RCN) with metamaterial transmission lines (MTLs)

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectSuperconductivity: Superconductivity

Data Source

PatentEP3443666B1Clock distribution network for a superconducting integrated circuit
Publication Date: 2021.01.06 MICROSOFT TECHNOLOGY LICENSING LLC
  • EP3443666B1 patent drawingFigure 1~2
  • EP3443666B1 patent drawingFigure 3~4
  • EP3443666B1 patent drawingFigure 5

AI summary

A superconducting integrated circuit including a clock distribution network (600) for distributing a clock signal in the superconducting integrated circuit is provided. The clock distribution network (600) may include a clock structure having unit cells, where each of the unit cells may include at least one spine and at least one stub. The at least one spine is connected to the at least one stub, where the at least one stub may further be inductively coupled to at least one superconducting element. The clock signal may have a wavelength. Each of the unit cells may be spaced apart from each other along the clock structure by a distance, where the distance may be less than one tenth of the wavelength.