Superconducting Coil Layout for Low-Loss EV Wireless Charging
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current wireless battery recharging technologies for electric vehicles face inefficiencies due to significant electric losses and compactness limitations, particularly with copper wire coils, which restrict the speed and efficiency of energy transmission.
Innovation Solution
A system utilizing a plurality of superconducting coils connected in series, cooled by a cryogenic fluid, such as liquid nitrogen or hydrogen, to minimize energy losses and enhance efficiency, allowing for rapid and efficient wireless recharging of electric vehicle batteries.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Loss of energy
If copper wire coils are used for wireless energy transmission, then the system can be implemented with conventional materials, but significant electric losses occur due to Joules effect and compactness is limited
Solution Approach 1:
The patent changes the electrical resistance parameter from conventional copper wire (high resistance) to superconducting material (zero resistance) by operating at cryogenic temperatures. This parameter change eliminates Joules effect losses while the modular coil design maintains system manageability
Solution Approach 2:
The system uses composite construction combining superconducting coils with cryogenic cooling infrastructure and modular enclosures. This composite approach enables high-efficiency energy transmission while organizing complexity into manageable modular units that can be deployed systematically
2Loss of energy
If superconducting coils are used for wireless energy transmission, then energy transmission efficiency is greatly improved, but the system requires cryogenic cooling infrastructure
Solution Approach 1:
The patent divides the wireless charging system into modular enclosures, each containing a superconducting coil and its own cryogenic cooling infrastructure. This segmentation isolates the complex cooling requirements to discrete, manageable units rather than requiring a monolithic cooling system, making deployment and maintenance more feasible
3Productivity
If conventional copper wire coils are used, then the system structure is simpler, but the recharging time is extended and efficiency is limited to around 90%
Solution Approach 1:
By changing the electrical resistance parameter to zero through superconductivity, the system achieves dramatically higher energy transmission efficiency (>97%) and faster recharging speeds. The cryogenic temperature parameter enables this performance improvement while the modular design keeps the system deployable
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The system achieves high efficiency (>97%) and compactness, reducing Joule's effect losses and enabling fast battery recharging, suitable for large-scale applications like parking areas and busy highways.
Implementation Method 1
These developments use a coil of copper wire placed on the ground and passed through by a current to generate an electromagnetic field. This induced electromagnetic field is harvested by another coil situated on the vehicle whose battery is to be charged.
Implementation Method 2
a cooling circuit suitable for cooling each superconducting coil using a circulation of a cryogenic fluid
Implementation Method 3
Recent developments show that the wireless recharging of an electric battery of a motor vehicle could be efficient (90% efficiency) and require only two hours, even less, to recharge a totally electric vehicle. These developments use a coil of copper wire placed on the ground and passed through by a current to generate an electromagnetic field.
Data Source
AI summary
The invention relates to several configurations of a system for wirelessly recharging electric batteries of vehicles suitable for equipping a parking area, comprising: several enclosures (2) each comprising a superconducting coil (3), each enclosure (2) being suitable to be positioned at a parking location (1) of the area and comprising an input opening (2a) and an output opening (2b) for the passage of the superconducting coil (3) that it contains; an electric circuit comprising intermediate portions (4) of cable electrically connecting the superconducting coils (3) pairwise so as to form a set of superconducting coils (3) in series, two cable terminations (8), two cable end portions (4′) configured to electrically connect each end of the set to the terminals of an electrical power supply; and a cooling circuit suitable for cooling each superconducting coil using a circulation of a cryogenic fluid.