Surfactant-Modified Electrodes for Lithium Battery Wetting

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Solution Overview

Problem

Lithium secondary batteries face challenges in achieving rapid and complete wetting of electrodes by non-aqueous electrolytes, leading to increased production time and reduced battery capacity and performance, especially with the miniaturization and high-energy density demands of modern devices.

Innovation Solution

Incorporating a surfactant with both hydrophilic and hydrophobic portions into the cathode and/or anode of lithium secondary batteries to enhance electrolyte wettability, allowing for easier penetration and maintaining intrinsic properties without additional electrochemical reactions.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Reliability

If non-aqueous electrolyte is used to achieve high energy density and stable voltage, then battery performance is improved, but electrolyte wettability on electrode deteriorates due to high viscosity and surface tension

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvebattery stability and performanceVSAvoidelectrolyte wettability on electrode
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSEase of manufacture

Solution Approach 1:

A surfactant is introduced as an intermediary substance between the non-aqueous electrolyte and the electrode. The surfactant reduces the surface tension of the electrolyte, enabling it to wet the hydrophobic electrode surface effectively. This mediator allows the electrolyte to penetrate into the electrode pores without compromising the stable voltage and high energy density characteristics of the non-aqueous system.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

2Reliability

If conventional electrolyte formulation is used to maintain electrochemical stability, then battery reliability is improved, but manufacturing time increases due to incomplete electrode wetting

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveelectrochemical stabilityVSAvoidmanufacturing process time
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSLoss of time

Solution Approach 1:

The surface tension parameter of the electrolyte is modified by adding a surfactant. This parameter change enables rapid wetting of the electrode during manufacturing, reducing the time required for electrolyte penetration. The electrochemical stability is maintained because the surfactant is selected to be compatible with the lithium salt and solvent system, and does not interfere with the electrochemical reactions.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

3Quantity of substance

If electrode loading and thickness are increased to achieve high energy density, then battery capacity is improved, but electrolyte penetration into electrode deteriorates due to hydrophobic properties

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvebattery capacityVSAvoidelectrolyte penetration into electrode
Core Design Contradiction:
Quantity of substanceVSEase of manufacture

Solution Approach 1:

The surfactant acts as a mediator that facilitates electrolyte penetration into the thick, high-loading electrode structure. By reducing surface tension and improving wettability, the surfactant enables the electrolyte to access deep within the electrode matrix, ensuring adequate ion transport pathways are established even in high-capacity, thick-electrode configurations.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

This approach significantly reduces manufacturing time, improves battery capacity, rate properties, and cycle performance by ensuring effective electrolyte penetration while maintaining the integrity of the surfactant's properties.

Implementation Method 1

the non-aqueous electrolyte for the lithium secondary battery exhibits a low affinity for electrode materials containing a binder such as polytetrafluoroethylene, polyvinylidene fluoride and the like, and therefore results in a failure to achieve easy wetting of the electrode materials

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectSurface tension reduction: Surface Tension

Implementation Method 2

the addition of the surfactant improves the wettability of an electrolyte on the electrode, thereby increasing the battery capacity

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectWetting: Wetting

Implementation Method 3

Incorporating a surfactant with both hydrophilic and hydrophobic portions into the cathode and/or anode of lithium secondary batteries to enhance electrolyte wettability

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectAmphiphilic property: Amphiphiles

Data Source

PatentUS8383265B2Lithium secondary battery comprising electrode active material containing surfactant
Publication Date: 2013.02.26 LG ENERGY SOLUTION LTD

AI summary

Provided is a lithium secondary battery comprising a lithium transition metal compound-containing cathode and a graphitized carbon-containing anode with addition of a surfactant to the cathode and/or the anode, whereby the addition of the surfactant improves the wettability of an electrolyte on the electrode, thereby increasing the battery capacity and improving rate properties and cycle properties of the battery, in conjunction with a significant reduction of a manufacturing process time of the battery.