Switching Circuit Rectifier Capacitor Voltage Ringing

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Solution Overview

Problem

Insulated gate field-effect transistors (IGFETs) in switching circuits experience parasitic characteristics that lead to voltage ringing, overshoot, and potential damage due to parasitic resistance and inductance, which are not adequately addressed by existing designs.

Innovation Solution

Incorporating rectifying elements, such as Schottky diodes, and charge storage elements, like capacitors, in parallel with switching elements to mitigate parasitic effects by providing a low impedance path for excess charge and reducing voltage fluctuations.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Adaptability or versatility

If switching elements (IGFETs) are used to provide voltage switching capability, then the circuit can achieve higher voltage or lower voltage output, but parasitic resistance and inductance cause voltage ringing and overshoot that can exceed breakdown voltage and damage components

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvevoltage switching capabilityVSAvoidvoltage ringing and overshoot
Core Design Contradiction:
Adaptability or versatilityVSObject-affected harmful factors

Solution Approach 1:

A diode is introduced as an intermediary component connected between the source of the first switching element and the drain of the second switching element. This diode provides a controlled current path that mediates the parasitic inductance effects, allowing the circuit to achieve voltage switching while limiting voltage overshoot and ringing to safe levels.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

Solution Approach 2:

The parasitic inductance that causes harmful voltage ringing is converted into a beneficial effect by utilizing the diode's forward voltage drop. The diode's presence transforms the potentially damaging oscillations into a controlled current flow that maintains voltage within safe operating limits, effectively using the parasitic element's energy in a constructive manner.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #22Blessing in disguise (Convert harm into benefit)

2Measurement precision

If parasitic characteristics are modeled with resistance and inductance, then the circuit behavior can be analyzed, but the parasitic effects cause significant voltage overshoot that can damage the load

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecircuit behavior analysisVSAvoidload protection
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The diode is positioned in the circuit to provide beforehand cushioning against voltage overshoot. By being pre-configured in the current path, the diode is ready to clamp voltage excursions before they can reach damaging levels, cushioning the load against the harmful effects of parasitic inductance during switching transitions.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #11Beforehand cushioning (Prior cushioning)

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

The solution significantly reduces voltage overshoot and ringing at the output terminal, ensuring the switching circuit operates within safe voltage limits and preventing damage to the load, with improved performance compared to traditional designs.

Implementation Method 1

Incorporating rectifying elements, such as Schottky diodes, and charge storage elements, like capacitors, in parallel with switching elements to mitigate parasitic effects by providing a low impedance path for excess charge

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectRectification: Diode

Implementation Method 2

Incorporating rectifying elements, such as Schottky diodes, and charge storage elements, like capacitors, in parallel with switching elements to mitigate parasitic effects

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectCapacitance: Capacitance

Data Source

PatentEP2779453B1Circuit including a Switching Element, a Rectifying Element, and a Charge Storage Element
Publication Date: 2018.08.22 SEMICON COMPONENTS IND LLC
  • EP2779453B1 patent drawingFigure 1~2
  • EP2779453B1 patent drawingFigure 3~4
  • EP2779453B1 patent drawingFigure 5

AI summary

A circuit (200, 300) can include a pair of switching elements (222, 224, 322, 324) that have terminals electrically connected to terminals of a power supply (202) and have other terminals electrically connected to an output terminal. The circuit (200, 300) can include rectifying elements (242, 244, 342, 344) and one or more charge storage elements (262, 264, 362, 364). The circuit may be used as a Buck converter. The rectifying element(s) (242, 244, 342, 344) and charge storage element(s) (262, 264, 362, 364) may help to reduce ringing at an output terminal of the circuit (200, 300) during normal operation and reduce the likelihood of exceeding a breakdown voltage between current-carrying electrodes of a switching element within the circuit (200, 300) during a switching operation.