Terahertz Coating Microstructure Inspection via Oblique Pulse Reflection

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Solution Overview

Problem

Existing methods for determining the microstructure of thermal barrier coatings are time-consuming and expensive, and they struggle to efficiently assess the microstructure of coatings on substrates without causing damage.

Innovation Solution

A non-destructive inspection system using terahertz frequency electromagnetic pulses directed at an oblique angle to the coating surface, which measures the time delay between reflections from the coating and substrate surfaces to assess the coating's microstructure.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Measurement precision

If conventional methods are used to determine coating microstructure, then measurement precision is achieved, but inspection time and cost increase significantly

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecoating microstructure assessmentVSAvoidinspection time
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSLoss of time

Solution Approach 1:

The patent replaces conventional mechanical inspection methods with terahertz electromagnetic wave-based non-contact inspection. The system uses a terahertz time-domain reflectometer to send electromagnetic pulses through the coating and detect reflections from the substrate interface, enabling rapid microstructure assessment without physical contact or destructive sampling.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #28Mechanics substitution (Replace mechanical system)

Solution Approach 2:

The patent utilizes the frequency-dependent penetration depth of terahertz waves as a key parameter. By analyzing how different frequency components of the electromagnetic pulse penetrate and reflect from the coating-substrate interface, the system can rapidly determine coating thickness and microstructure characteristics without time-consuming physical measurement.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

2Measurement precision

If conventional inspection methods are applied, then coating microstructure can be assessed, but the coating may be damaged or scratched

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecoating microstructure assessmentVSAvoidcoating damage
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSObject-affected harmful factors

Solution Approach 1:

The patent replaces mechanical inspection methods with non-contact electromagnetic wave-based inspection. The terahertz time-domain reflectometer sends electromagnetic pulses through the coating and detects reflections from the substrate interface, enabling rapid microstructure assessment without physical contact or destructive sampling.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #28Mechanics substitution (Replace mechanical system)

Solution Approach 2:

The patent uses terahertz electromagnetic waves as an intermediary to transmit information about the coating microstructure without direct physical contact. The electromagnetic waves penetrate the coating and interact with the substrate interface, providing measurement data while leaving the coating undamaged.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

3Measurement precision

If multiple coating layers are inspected, then comprehensive microstructure assessment is achieved, but detection complexity increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvemulti-layer coating assessmentVSAvoiddetection system complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent segments the electromagnetic pulse into different frequency components, each with distinct penetration depths. By analyzing the reflection characteristics of these segmented frequency components from different coating layers, the system can resolve and assess multiple coating layers individually without requiring complex multi-frequency instrumentation.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

The system enables fast, efficient, and non-destructive assessment of coating microstructures, distinguishing between anisotropic and isotropic microstructures, and can be used for real-time monitoring of coating conditions.

Implementation Method 1

a terahertz light source to emit a train of electromagnetic pulses towards the sample

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectElectromagnetic radiation penetration and reflection: Reflection

Implementation Method 2

measuring a time delay between the electromagnetic pulses and reflected electromagnetic pulses from the sample

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectTime delay measurement: Time of Flight

Implementation Method 3

a fast rotating translational platform. The terahertz QWP can rapidly detect the THz radiation generated from a pulsed electrically pumped terahertz quantum cascade laser

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectPhotoelectric detection: Photoelectric Effect

Implementation Method 4

directing the electromagnetic pulses at an oblique angle relative to a surface of the coating

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectOblique reflection: Reflection

Data Source

PatentEP3835760B1Systems and methods of assessing a coating microstructure
Publication Date: 2025.01.29 GENERAL ELECTRIC CO
  • EP3835760B1 patent drawingFigure 1~2
  • EP3835760B1 patent drawingFigure 3
  • EP3835760B1 patent drawingFigure 4~5

AI summary

A system (100) for inspecting a coating (112) on a substrate (110), the system (100) including a platform (102) that receives a sample (108) including the substrate (110) having the coating (112), and a light source (104) that directs a plurality of electromagnetic pulses (114) towards a scanning location (116) on the coating (112), wherein the light source (104) is oriented to direct the plurality of electromagnetic pulses (114) at an oblique angle (θ) relative to a surface (118) of the coating (112). A light detector (106) receives electromagnetic pulses (114) reflected from the sample (108), wherein a first portion (142) of each electromagnetic pulse (114) is reflected from the surface (118) of the coating (112), and a second portion (144) of each electromagnetic pulse (114) is reflected from a surface (118) of the substrate (110). An actuator (124) is coupled to the platform (102) and/or the light source (104), wherein the actuator (124) moves the platform (102) and the light source (104) relative to each other such that the plurality of electromagnetic pulses (114) are directable towards the scanning location (116) from different rotational positions.