Thermochemical Storage Regulating Fluidization Gas for Constant Outlet Temperature

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Solution Overview

Problem

Existing thermochemical thermal storage systems for solar power plants fail to deliver a heat transfer fluid at a constant or substantially constant temperature, despite variations in thermal power input, which affects the efficiency of energy conversion and storage.

Innovation Solution

A thermochemical storage system with compartments forming fluidized beds, where the inlet speed of a fluidization gas is regulated based on thermal power input to control the quantity of storage material and maintain a constant outlet temperature, utilizing a multi-compartment design with fluidization gas and coolant circulation to achieve quasi-piston flow and improved heat exchange efficiency.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Adaptability or versatility

If the thermal power input to the storage system varies, then the system can adapt to different operating conditions, but the outlet temperature of the heat transfer fluid becomes unstable

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveadaptation to thermal power variationsVSAvoidoutlet temperature stability
Core Design Contradiction:
Adaptability or versatilityVSTemperature

Solution Approach 1:

The system employs feedback control by regulating the inlet speed of the fluidization gas based on the thermal power input. The control unit adjusts the gas flow rate in response to thermal power variations, which in turn adjusts the quantity of storage material in the compartment, thereby maintaining stable outlet temperature of the heat transfer fluid despite input variations.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #23Feedback

Solution Approach 2:

The system dynamically adjusts the inlet speed of the fluidization gas according to the thermal power input level. This dynamic regulation allows the quantity of storage material to be continuously optimized, enabling the system to adapt to varying thermal power conditions while maintaining constant outlet temperature.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #15Dynamics

2Temperature

If the inlet speed of fluidization gas is increased to control the quantity of storage material, then the temperature control improves, but the system complexity increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveoutlet temperature controlVSAvoidsystem control complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
TemperatureVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The system replaces complex mechanical control mechanisms with a streamlined approach that regulates the inlet speed of the fluidization gas. This substitution simplifies the control system while achieving effective temperature control through gas flow regulation rather than complex mechanical adjustments of storage material quantity.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #28Mechanics substitution (Replace mechanical system)

3Device complexity

If a fixed bed of reactant particles is used, then the system structure is simple, but the heat exchange efficiency is insufficient

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvereactor structure simplicityVSAvoidheat exchange efficiency
Core Design Contradiction:
Device complexityVSProductivity

Solution Approach 1:

The system changes the operational parameters by introducing fluidization gas that suspends and circulates the storage material particles. This parameter change transforms the static fixed bed into a dynamic fluidized bed, dramatically improving heat exchange efficiency between the heat transfer fluid and storage material while maintaining structural simplicity.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Solution Approach 2:

The system employs pneumatic principles by using fluidization gas to fluidize the storage material particles. The gas flow suspends and circulates the particles, creating intense mixing and contact between the storage material and heat transfer fluid, thereby significantly enhancing heat exchange efficiency compared to a static fixed bed structure.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #29Pneumatics and hydraulics

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

The system effectively maintains a constant temperature of the coolant at the outlet, enhancing the efficiency of heat transfer and energy storage, allowing for greater variations in thermal power while maintaining a stable temperature gradient, thus optimizing energy conversion and storage processes.

Implementation Method 1

Heat storage can typically be achieved either as sensible energy (by varying the temperature level of a solid or liquid storage material), as latent energy (by changing the phase of a storage) or finally in the form of chemical energy (using endothermic and exothermic chemical reactions). Heat storage involving endothermic and exothermic chemical reactions is referred to as 'thermochemical storage'.

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectEndothermic reaction: Endothermic Reaction

Implementation Method 2

Heat storage involving endothermic and exothermic chemical reactions is referred to as 'thermochemical storage'. During the charging phase, the thermal energy from, for example, a solar field via a heat transfer fluid, makes it possible to dehydrate the calcium hydroxide to form calcium oxide and water. Then, to restore the stored thermal energy, CaO and H2O are mixed and react to release the heat of reaction

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectExothermic reaction: Exothermic Reaction

Implementation Method 3

A thermochemical storage system with compartments forming fluidized beds, where the inlet speed of a fluidization gas is regulated based on thermal power input to control the quantity of storage material and maintain a constant outlet temperature, utilizing a multi-compartment design with fluidization gas and coolant circulation to achieve quasi-piston flow and improved heat exchange efficiency.

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectFluidization: Fluidisation

Data Source

PatentEP2984435B1Thermochemical heat storage system
Publication Date: 2017.09.27 COMMISSARIAT A LENERGIE ATOMIQUE ET AUX ENERGIES ALTERNATIVES
  • EP2984435B1 patent drawingFigure 1~2B
  • EP2984435B1 patent drawingFigure 2C~3C
  • EP2984435B1 patent drawingFigure 4~5B

AI summary

The invention relates to a thermochemical heat storage system comprising: three compartments (8.1, 8.2, 8.3) intended to contain a heat storage material (M); supply means (11) for supplying the compartments (8.1, 8.2, 8.3) with heat storage material; circulation means (10) for circulating a fluidising gas through the compartments (8.1, 8.2, 8.3) such as to form a fluidised bed, said fluidising gas being such that it generates thermochemical storage or release; circulation means (12) for circulating a heat-transfer fluid through the compartments (8.1, 8.2, 8.3) such as to provide heat exchanges with the storage material; and regulation means (13) for regulating the entry speed of the fluidising gas as a function of the thermal power carried by the heat-transfer fluid entering the storage system, such that the temperature of the heat-transfer fluid leaving the heat storage system is maintained substantially constant.