Thiol-Ene Primer for Wet Bone Adhesion
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current adhesive systems for bone fractures face challenges in wet environments due to poor adhesion and biocompatibility issues, limiting their expansion in clinical applications beyond traditional metal fixation methods.
Innovation Solution
A thiol-ene coupling polymerization-based primer composition that enhances adhesion to wet bone surfaces, using a combination of thiol-containing compounds, phosphonic acid groups, and alkynes to form a stable crosslinked network, reducing monomer leakage and curing shrinkage stress, and incorporating ceramic fillers like calcium phosphate for improved mechanical strength.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Strength
If acrylate-based adhesive systems are used to achieve adhesion to bone surfaces, then adhesion strength is improved, but biocompatibility deteriorates due to cytotoxic leakage of unreacted monomers
Solution Approach 1:
The patent changes the chemical parameters of the adhesive system by replacing acrylate monomers with thiol-ene coupling polymerization systems. This fundamental chemical parameter change eliminates the cytotoxicity issue while maintaining adhesion strength, as thiol-ene systems do not exhibit the same monomer leakage problems as acrylate systems.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent employs a composite primer composition containing phosphonic acid compounds, carboxylic acid compounds, and thiol compounds. This composite approach combines multiple functional components to achieve both strong adhesion to bone (through phosphonic and carboxylic acid groups binding to calcium) and biocompatibility (through the thiol-ene polymerization system that minimizes toxic byproducts).
2Strength
If traditional metal fixation methods are used for bone fractures, then mechanical strength is improved, but biocompatibility and patient comfort deteriorate compared to adhesive systems
Solution Approach 1:
The patent replaces the mechanical fixation system (screws, plates, and metal implants) with a chemical adhesive bonding system. The thiol-ene primer creates strong chemical bonds to the bone surface, substituting mechanical interlocking with chemical adhesion, thereby eliminating the need for foreign metal objects in the body while maintaining structural integrity.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent changes the fundamental bonding mechanism from mechanical (physical interlocking with metal implants) to chemical (covalent and ionic bonding through thiol-ene polymerization and phosphonic acid-calcium interactions). This parameter change in bonding mechanism achieves both strength and improved biocompatibility.
3Ease of operation
If adhesive systems are applied to wet bone surfaces, then application ease is improved, but adhesion strength deteriorates due to poor adhesion in wet environments
Solution Approach 1:
The patent uses phosphonic acid compounds and carboxylic acid compounds as intermediary agents that bridge the wet bone surface and the hydrophobic thiol-ene adhesive matrix. These acidic compounds can interact with both the aqueous environment (forming ionic bonds with calcium on wet bone) and the organic adhesive phase, enabling effective adhesion despite the presence of moisture.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent changes the chemical parameters of the primer to include amphiphilic characteristics - components that can interact with both aqueous (wet) environments and organic adhesive phases. The phosphonic and carboxylic acid groups provide hydrophilic interaction with wet bone, while the thiol-ene components provide hydrophobic adhesive bonding, creating a bridge across the wet interface.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The primer composition achieves high shear bond strength and biocompatibility, enabling effective fixation of bone fractures with reduced toxicity and improved mechanical properties compared to traditional acrylate-based systems, and can be used in both bone and dental applications.
Implementation Method 1
the use of acrylate monomers with acidic adhesion-enhancing groups of phosphoric, phosphonic or carboxylic acid have enabled self-etch adhesive systems. The acidic monomers dissolve hydroxyapatite and create ionic bonds to calcium ions forming precipitates with very low solubility that integrate within the hydroxyapatite surface.
Implementation Method 2
The acidic monomers dissolve hydroxyapatite and create ionic bonds to calcium ions forming precipitates with very low solubility that integrate within the hydroxyapatite surface.
Implementation Method 3
A thiol-ene coupling polymerization-based primer composition that enhances adhesion to wet bone surfaces, using a combination of thiol-containing compounds, phosphonic acid groups, and alkynes to form a stable crosslinked network
Data Source
Figure 1a~1e
Figure 2a~2f
Figure 3a~3f
AI summary
The present invention relates to a primer composition that may be applied to tissue in order to increase bond strength between the tissue and a patch, filler or a supporting material. The primer comprises a dithiol component and an allyl containing component together with a photo initiator.