TOPCon Battery Substrate Repair for Low-Damage Double-Sided Electroplating

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Solution Overview

Problem

The traditional laser grooving method for double-sided electroplated TOPCon solar cells causes damage to the silicon substrate, leading to open circuit voltage loss and reduced conversion efficiency.

Innovation Solution

A method involving thermal repair treatment and double-sided light injection is applied to the silicon matrix of TOPCon solar cells, followed by laser grooving using a top-hat beam laser, to minimize substrate damage and enhance the quality of PN junctions.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Ease of manufacture

If laser grooving is performed on the front side to remove silicon nitride film, then the electroplating process can be carried out, but the silicon substrate is damaged and open circuit voltage is lost

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveelectroplating processVSAvoidopen circuit voltage
Core Design Contradiction:
Ease of manufactureVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies preliminary thermal field treatment before laser grooving to prepare the silicon substrate. This pre-treatment modifies the substrate's thermal and structural properties, making it more resistant to damage during subsequent laser grooving, thus preventing PN junction destruction while still enabling electroplating

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

Solution Approach 2:

The patent introduces a cushioning mechanism by applying thermal field treatment that creates a protective state in the silicon substrate before laser grooving. This pre-conditioning reduces the impact of laser energy on the substrate, cushioning against potential damage to the PN junctions while allowing necessary film removal for electroplating

Inventive Principle:
Principle #11Beforehand cushioning (Prior cushioning)

2Ease of manufacture

If laser grooving is performed on the texturing surface, then the silicon nitride film is removed, but the pyramid structure is damaged reducing conversion efficiency

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvefilm removalVSAvoidconversion efficiency
Core Design Contradiction:
Ease of manufactureVSProductivity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies preliminary thermal field treatment to the texturing surface before laser grooving. This pre-treatment prepares the pyramid structure to withstand laser exposure, enabling film removal while preserving the light-trapping geometry that is critical for high conversion efficiency

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

3Device complexity

If traditional screen printing process is used, then the manufacturing process is simple, but the height-width ratio of front finger cannot be improved and production cost is high

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvemanufacturing processVSAvoidheight-width ratio
Core Design Contradiction:
Device complexityVSProductivity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent replaces the mechanical screen printing process with a combination of thermal field treatment and laser grooving followed by electroplating. This substitution enables precise control of finger geometry (height-width ratio) while reducing silver paste consumption and production costs, despite increased process steps

Inventive Principle:
Principle #28Mechanics substitution (Replace mechanical system)

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

The method improves the open circuit voltage by 4-10 mV and increases the photoelectric conversion efficiency by 0.2-0.8% after horizontal double-sided electroplating.

Implementation Method 1

applying thermal repair treatment to the silicon matrix

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectThermal repair: Heat Treatment

Implementation Method 2

performing light injection treatment on the front side and the back side of the silicon matrix

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectLight injection: Absorption (EM radiation)

Implementation Method 3

laser grooving using a top-hat beam laser

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectLaser ablation: Laser Ablation

Data Source

PatentUS20250143003A1METHOD FOR PREPARING TOPCon BATTERY SUBSTRATE AND DOUBLE-SIDED ELECTROPLATED TOPCon BATTERY PREPARED THEREFROM
Publication Date: 2025.05.01 DONGFANG HUANSHENG PHOTOVOLTAIC (JIANGSU) CO LTD

AI summary

A method for preparing TOPCon battery substrate and double-sided electroplated TOPcon battery prepared therefrom are provided. The method includes: providing a double-sided grooved silicon matrix of a TOPCon battery; carrying out thermal repair treatment on the silicon matrix; respectively carrying out light injection treatment on the front side and the back side of the silicon matrix after thermal repair treatment, thereby the TOPCon battery substrate is obtained. Thermal repair treatment can greatly increase the overall lattice thermal motion of the silicon substrate, and light is injected into the front side and the back side in the directions of two different light incidence surfaces, so that both the front side and the back side can absorb light, thereby repairing the defects at the interface between the amorphous silicon and the silicon wafer and improving the quality of the PN junctions.