Touch Electrode Refractive Index Matching for Display Spot Patterns
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing liquid crystal display apparatuses with touch input functionality face challenges in maintaining display quality due to noticeable spot patterns caused by refractive index differences between various layers, which affect the visibility of touch electrodes and connecting pads.
Innovation Solution
The implementation of a liquid crystal display apparatus design that includes a first inorganic insulation layer, a touch electrode, a connecting line, and a second inorganic insulation layer, where the refractive index differences between these layers are minimized, and the touch electrode and connecting pad are formed using a transparent conductive material, with a second inorganic insulation layer defining an opening that exposes the connecting pad, ensuring a level surface and minimizing visible spot patterns.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If touch electrodes and connecting pads are formed with transparent conductive material, then electrical conductivity and transparency are improved, but visible spot patterns appear due to refractive index differences between layers
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies homogeneity by making the refractive indices of the first inorganic insulation layer, second inorganic insulation layer, and transparent conductive material substantially equal. This creates optical uniformity across the layers, eliminating visible spot patterns while maintaining touch electrode functionality. The insulating layers are configured with matching refractive indices to the transparent conductive material, ensuring light passes through without distortion or visible boundaries.
2Reliability
If the second inorganic insulation layer defines an opening to expose the connecting pad, then electrical connection is improved, but the connecting pad becomes visible causing spot patterns
Solution Approach 1:
The patent resolves this contradiction by configuring the second inorganic insulation layer with a refractive index substantially equal to that of the transparent conductive material forming the connecting pad. This optical matching allows the connecting pad to be exposed through the opening in the second inorganic insulation layer for electrical connection while remaining optically invisible, thus eliminating spot patterns while maintaining connectivity.
3Adaptability or versatility
If multiple layers with different materials are stacked to form touch electrodes and insulation layers, then functional performance is improved, but refractive index differences create visible spot patterns
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies homogeneity by carefully selecting and configuring the insulating layers with refractive indices matched to the transparent conductive material. The first inorganic insulation layer is positioned between the liquid crystal layer and touch electrode, while the second inorganic insulation layer covers the touch electrode and connects to the connecting pad. Both layers are configured with refractive indices substantially equal to the transparent conductive material, creating optical uniformity that eliminates visible spot patterns despite the multi-layer functional structure.
Data Source
AI summary
A display apparatus may include a display panel, a touch electrode, a connecting pad, a first inorganic insulation layer, and a second inorganic insulation layer. The display panel may display an image according to image data. The touch electrode and the connecting pad may be formed of the same conductive material and may be spaced from each other. The first inorganic insulation layer may be positioned between the display panel and the touch electrode and may directly contact each of the touch electrode and the connecting pad. The second inorganic insulation layer may directly contact each of the first inorganic insulation layer and the touch electrode. The touch electrode may be covered by the second inorganic insulation layer. The connecting pad may be positioned between two portions of the second inorganic insulation layer and have a side not covered by the second inorganic insulation layer.