Tractor-Trailer Mass Estimation Using Kalman Filter

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Solution Overview

Problem

Autonomous or semi-autonomous vehicles face challenges in accurately estimating the mass of trailers due to the inefficiency and high cost of equipping trailers with sensors for mass and payload measurement.

Innovation Solution

A system and method utilizing a model-free Kalman filter that estimates the combined tractor-trailer mass using airbag suspension pressure data, longitudinal force, and GPS/IMU data without additional sensors on the trailer, employing a control system to compute static and dynamic mass estimates.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Measurement precision

If sensors are installed on the trailer to measure mass and payload, then measurement precision is improved, but device complexity and cost increase

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvetrailer mass measurement accuracyVSAvoidsensor equipment on trailer
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent extracts the mass measurement function from the trailer and relocates it to the tractor. By using sensors already installed on the tractor (accelerometers, force sensors) and processing data through a Kalman filter, the system obtains trailer mass information without adding any sensors to the trailer itself, thus resolving the contradiction between measurement precision and device complexity

Inventive Principle:
Principle #2Taking out (Extraction)

Solution Approach 2:

The patent introduces a Kalman filter as an intermediary computational system that processes data from existing tractor sensors to indirectly measure trailer mass. This intermediary algorithm acts as a virtual sensor, deriving trailer mass information from tractor dynamics without requiring physical sensors on the trailer

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

2Measurement precision

If additional sensors are added to the trailer, then measurement precision is improved, but manufacturing cost increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvepayload estimation accuracyVSAvoidtrailer manufacturing cost
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSEase of manufacture

Solution Approach 1:

The measurement function is extracted from the trailer and performed using the tractor's existing sensor suite. This eliminates the need to manufacture trailers with integrated mass sensors, thereby reducing trailer manufacturing costs while maintaining measurement precision through sophisticated data processing

Inventive Principle:
Principle #2Taking out (Extraction)

Solution Approach 2:

The tractor serves itself by using its own existing sensors and computational resources to measure the trailer's mass. The tractor's control system processes its own sensor data to derive trailer parameters, eliminating the need for separate trailer-based measurement systems and reducing overall system cost

Inventive Principle:
Principle #25Self-service

3Device complexity

If static mass estimation is used, then device complexity is reduced, but reliability of real-time control decreases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvemass estimation systemVSAvoidreal-time mass accuracy
Core Design Contradiction:
Device complexityVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The patent transitions from static mass estimation to dynamic mass estimation by continuously processing real-time sensor data from the tractor during operation. The Kalman filter dynamically updates mass estimates based on current acceleration, force, and motion data, providing reliable real-time mass information without significantly increasing device complexity

Inventive Principle:
Principle #15Dynamics

Solution Approach 2:

The system implements feedback through the Kalman filter, which continuously compares predicted mass values with actual sensor measurements and adjusts estimates accordingly. This feedback mechanism ensures high reliability of real-time mass estimates while keeping the system relatively simple by using standard control theory approaches

Inventive Principle:
Principle #23Feedback

Data Source

PatentEP4685028A2Systems and methods for real-time tractor-trailer mass estimation
Publication Date: 2026.01.28 EMBARK TRUCKS INC
  • EP4685028A2 patent drawingFigure 1A
  • EP4685028A2 patent drawingFigure 1B
  • EP4685028A2 patent drawingFigure 1C

AI summary

Provided are systems, methods and computer program code for estimating a current mass of a vehicle and a trailer.