TRU Power Management With Battery Buffering for Variable Generator Speed

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Solution Overview

Problem

Existing transport refrigeration units (TRUs) rely on hydraulic mechanisms to maintain constant generator speed, leading to high costs and complexity, and there is a need for a more efficient and cost-effective power management system.

Innovation Solution

Mechanically connecting the generator to the engine via a power take-off and using a battery unit to supply power to the TRU dynamically, allowing the generator speed to vary with engine speed, and incorporating a clutch and power inverters to optimize power distribution.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Reliability

If a hydraulic mechanism is used to maintain constant generator speed, then the generator can provide stable electrical power to the TRU, but the system complexity and cost increase

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvestable electrical power outputVSAvoidhydraulic mechanism complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent removes the hydraulic mechanism from the system entirely, extracting the complex speed-regulation component while retaining the essential function of powering the TRU. The generator is directly mechanically coupled to the engine, eliminating the intermediate hydraulic pump and motor system that previously regulated generator speed.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #2Taking out (Extraction)

Solution Approach 2:

The system transitions from a static constant-speed configuration to a dynamic variable-speed configuration. The generator speed now varies with engine speed, and the battery unit dynamically adjusts its charging/discharging operations to compensate for power fluctuations, ensuring stable TRU operation without mechanical speed regulation.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #15Dynamics

2Reliability

If a hydraulic mechanism is used to maintain constant generator speed, then the generator can provide stable electrical power to the TRU, but the manufacturing and installation cost increase

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvestable electrical power outputVSAvoidsystem installation and maintenance cost
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSEase of manufacture

Solution Approach 1:

The patent removes the hydraulic mechanism from the system entirely, extracting the complex speed-regulation component while retaining the essential function of powering the TRU. The generator is directly mechanically coupled to the engine, eliminating the intermediate hydraulic pump and motor system that previously regulated generator speed.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #2Taking out (Extraction)

Solution Approach 2:

The system replaces expensive, complex hydraulic components with simpler, cheaper mechanical and electrical components. The direct mechanical coupling and battery-based power management represent a more cost-effective approach that reduces manufacturing, installation, and maintenance costs while achieving the same reliability outcome.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #27Cheap short-living objects (Disposable)

3Device complexity

If the generator is mechanically connected to the engine, then the system complexity is reduced, but the generator speed varies with engine speed affecting power stability

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvesystem complexityVSAvoidelectrical power stability
Core Design Contradiction:
Device complexityVSStability of the object's composition

Solution Approach 1:

The battery unit serves as an intermediary energy storage device between the variable-speed generator and the TRU. It absorbs power fluctuations from the generator during charging and provides stable power during discharging, mediating the connection between the simple mechanical drive system and the power-sensitive TRU load.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

Solution Approach 2:

The system changes the operational parameters of the generator, allowing it to operate across a variable speed range rather than maintaining a fixed speed. The battery unit compensates for these parameter variations, enabling the generator to efficiently operate at different speeds while maintaining stable TRU power supply.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

4Use of energy by moving object

If the generator operates at varying speeds, then fuel efficiency is improved during acceleration, but the electrical power output becomes less stable

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvefuel efficiencyVSAvoidelectrical power stability
Core Design Contradiction:
Use of energy by moving objectVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The battery unit performs preliminary energy storage during periods when the generator produces excess power (such as during steady-state cruising), preparing stored energy for later use during acceleration or high-demand periods. This preliminary charging action ensures power stability is maintained while allowing the generator to operate at fuel-efficient varying speeds.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

Solution Approach 2:

The system changes the operational parameters of the generator, allowing it to operate across a variable speed range rather than maintaining a fixed speed. The battery unit compensates for these parameter variations, enabling the generator to efficiently operate at different speeds while maintaining stable TRU power supply.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

Reduces manufacturing and maintenance costs, improves fuel efficiency by decoupling the generator during acceleration and braking, and ensures reliable power to the TRU, maintaining optimal conditions for transported goods.

Implementation Method 1

a generator mechanically connected to the engine, the generator being configured to be mechanically driven by the engine and to supply electrical power to the battery unit

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectElectromagnetic induction: Electromagnetic Induction

Data Source

PatentEP4101695B1Power management system for a transport refrigeration unit
Publication Date: 2026.05.06 CARRIER CORP
  • EP4101695B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP4101695B1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP4101695B1 patent drawingFigure 3

AI summary

A vehicle for transporting goods and a method of powering a transport refrigeration unit are described. The vehicle (100) comprises a transport refrigeration unit (150); an engine (110); and a power management system (200; 300; 400). The power management system comprises: a battery unit (240; 340; 440) electrically connected to the transport refrigeration unit (150); and a generator (230; 330; 430) mechanically driven by the engine (110) to supply electrical power to the battery unit (240; 340; 440). The power management system (200; 300; 400) is configured to supply electrical power responsive to a power demand of the transport refrigeration unit (150). In this way, the power demand of the transport refrigeration unit (150) may always be met even if the generator (230; 330; 430) does not generate enough electrical power to meet the power demand of the transport refrigeration unit (150).