V2V Collision Warning via Prediction Horizon Time
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current vehicle collision detection systems are limited by their range and can be confused by poor weather or complex driving conditions, leading to ineffective warning systems that fail to provide timely alerts for impending collisions.
Innovation Solution
A vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication system using dedicated short-range communication (DSRC) and GPS to share state data between vehicles, enabling the calculation of a prediction horizon time and generating warnings when the time to react is insufficient, and optimizing parameters for accurate collision avoidance.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Length of stationary object
If traditional photographing units or sensors are used for collision detection, then the system can detect obstacles within its limited range, but the detection range is insufficient and cannot provide early warning for distant vehicles
Solution Approach 1:
The patent combines V2V communication technology with traditional sensor systems to merge the strengths of both approaches. The DSRC radio receives state data from remote vehicles while onboard sensors detect local obstacles, creating a comprehensive detection system that overcomes the limited range of individual components
Solution Approach 2:
The patent introduces V2V communication as an intermediary mechanism that transfers information about remote vehicle states between vehicles. This intermediary system extends the effective detection range by allowing vehicles to share positional and velocity information beyond the physical limits of onboard sensors
2Loss of time
If V2V communication is used to extend detection range, then early warning capability is improved, but the system complexity increases due to additional communication components and data processing requirements
Solution Approach 1:
The safety control unit performs multiple functions: it processes V2V communication data, calculates prediction horizon time, compares with driver reaction time, and generates warnings. This multi-functional approach consolidates complexity into a single control unit rather than requiring separate systems for each function
Solution Approach 2:
The system performs preliminary calculations of prediction horizon time and compares it with driver reaction time before a collision becomes imminent. This advance preparation allows the system to be ready to issue warnings immediately when needed, reducing the effective reaction time required from the driver
3Productivity
If the system issues warnings based on prediction horizon time comparison, then timely collision warnings are provided, but false warnings may occur in complex driving conditions or poor weather
Solution Approach 1:
The system uses cost value procedures that optimize functions for parameters including position, speed, and separation distance. By dynamically adjusting the weighting and importance of different parameters based on current driving conditions, the system can distinguish between genuine collision risks and normal driving variations
Solution Approach 2:
The system continuously monitors the separation distance and prediction horizon time, providing ongoing feedback about collision risk. This continuous feedback loop allows the system to adjust its warnings based on the evolving situation, reducing false alarms while maintaining sensitivity to real dangers
Data Source
AI summary
A safety system for an automotive vehicle includes: a dedicated radio to receive and transmit state data between a host vehicle and a remote vehicle; a global positioning system (GPS) receiver; an on-board unit (OBE) to perform a vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communications so that the host vehicle receives state data of the remove vehicle in a basic safety message (BSM) format; and a safety control unit. In particular, the safety control unit receives the state data of the host and remote vehicles, calculates a separation distance, a prediction horizon time, and then compares the prediction horizon time with a driver reaction time to generate a warning to a driver. More specifically, the safety control unit performs a cost value procedure when a deducted prediction horizon time is greater than zero to determine variable coefficients for estimating a future position and speed of the host and remote vehicles.