Water-Cooled Pre-System Layout for Space-Constrained Data Hall Cooling

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Solution Overview

Problem

Data halls with tightly packed processing units face challenges in efficient cooling due to space constraints, necessitating a cooling system that effectively removes heat while optimizing space usage.

Innovation Solution

A water-cooled pre-system comprising a condenser assembly, heat exchanger system, and refrigerant circulation units that direct cold water and refrigerant flows for efficient heat exchange, with components located both inside and outside the building to optimize space and cooling efficiency.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Temperature

If traditional cooling systems are used in tightly packed data halls, then cooling capacity is sufficient, but space consumption is excessive

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecooling capacityVSAvoidspace consumption
Core Design Contradiction:
TemperatureVSArea of stationary object

Solution Approach 1:

The patent implements nesting by placing the heat exchanger rods directly within the processing unit housing, and by integrating the condenser assembly within the existing cabinet structure. The heat exchanger rods are nested inside the processing unit enclosure, and the condenser assembly is nested within the cabinet framework, maximizing space utilization while maintaining adequate cooling capacity.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #7Nested doll (Nesting)

Solution Approach 2:

The patent transitions from traditional three-dimensional cooling systems to a two-dimensional plate heat exchanger configuration. The heat exchanger uses plate-style rods that exchange heat efficiently across surfaces, reducing the vertical and horizontal footprint while maintaining cooling effectiveness through enhanced surface area contact.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #17Another dimension (Dimensionality change)

2Temperature

If cooling components are placed inside the building, then cooling efficiency is high, but space constraints are exacerbated

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecooling efficiencyVSAvoidindoor space
Core Design Contradiction:
TemperatureVSArea of stationary object

Solution Approach 1:

The cooling system is segmented into distinct functional components: the heat exchanger rods are placed inside the building for efficient heat exchange with processing units, while the condenser assembly is positioned in the outdoor environment. This segmentation allows each component to be optimally positioned for its specific function, maintaining cooling efficiency while minimizing indoor space consumption.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

The heat exchanger rods serve as an intermediary between the indoor processing units and the outdoor condenser assembly. They facilitate heat transfer from the processing units to the refrigerant, which then carries the heat to the outdoor condenser for dissipation, enabling efficient cooling without requiring all cooling components to be located indoors.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

3Temperature

If heat exchanger rods are used for water cooling, then cooling effectiveness is improved, but system complexity increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecooling effectivenessVSAvoidsystem complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
TemperatureVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The heat exchanger rods are designed with multi-functionality, serving both as water cooling conduits and as structural support elements within the processing unit housing. The same rod structure that facilitates water flow for cooling also provides mechanical support and housing definition, reducing the need for separate components and thereby reducing overall system complexity despite the advanced heat exchange mechanism.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #6Universality (Multi-functionality)

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

The system provides effective cooling for processing units by exchanging heat between coolant and refrigerant, maintaining system integrity and efficiency, and ensuring adequate cooling without overheating.

Implementation Method 1

a heat exchanger system having one or more rods in a cabinet and fluidically communicating with the outdoor unit and indoor unit, the heat exchanger system configured to receive coolant from the indoor unit through a first path of each of the one or more rods and to receive refrigerant through a second path of each of the one or more rods for heat exchange between coolant and refrigerant

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectHeat exchange: Heat Exchanger

Implementation Method 2

each of the one or more rods being configured to exchange heat between the refrigerant and the coolant

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectThermal conduction: Conduction (thermal)

Implementation Method 3

a pump configured to circulate coolant

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectConvection: Convection

Implementation Method 4

a condenser assembly configured to direct a flow of water to one or more processing units using one or more rods of a heat exchanger assembly

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectFluid flow:

Implementation Method 5

direct a flow of water to one or more processing units using one or more rods

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectHeat transfer: Heat Exchanger

Implementation Method 6

an outdoor unit disposed outside a building and configured to circulate refrigerant

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectRefrigerant circulation:

Implementation Method 7

a heat exchanger system having one or more rods in a cabinet and fluidically communicating with the outdoor unit and indoor unit

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectFluid communication:

Data Source

PatentEP4709070A1Systems and methods for water cooled pre-system
Publication Date: 2026.03.11 VERTIV CORP
  • EP4709070A1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP4709070A1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP4709070A1 patent drawingFigure 3

AI summary

A system for data center cooling includes: a first cooling unit configured to circulate refrigerant; a second cooling unit configured to circulate coolant; and a heat exchanger system in fluid communication with the first cooling unit and the second cooling unit, the heat exchanger system being configured to exchange heat between the refrigerant and the coolant.