Wireless Charging Coil Alignment via Coupling Factor Feedback

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Solution Overview

Problem

Existing electric vehicle charging systems face inefficiencies due to misalignment of ground and vehicle coils, leading to energy loss and safety issues, as they require precise positioning for optimal power transfer and minimize stray currents.

Innovation Solution

The system utilizes the coupling factor between coils to assist in aligning the vehicle relative to the ground pad module, employing sensors and transducers for haptic feedback to guide the driver into optimal positioning, ensuring accurate alignment and efficient power transfer.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Loss of energy

If wireless power transfer is implemented without precise alignment assistance, then the system is simpler and easier to operate, but power transfer efficiency decreases and energy loss increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveenergy lossVSAvoidalignment assistance system
Core Design Contradiction:
Loss of energyVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The system employs sensors to detect the relative position between ground and vehicle coils, then provides real-time feedback to the driver through the user interface. This feedback mechanism enables the driver to adjust vehicle positioning to optimize coupling factor and minimize energy loss during wireless power transfer.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #23Feedback

Solution Approach 2:

The alignment assistance system activates before power transfer begins, detecting coil positions and guiding the driver to optimal positioning in advance. This preliminary alignment ensures maximum coupling efficiency is achieved before the power transfer process starts, preventing energy loss from misalignment.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

2Loss of energy

If precise positioning is required for optimal power transfer, then energy loss is reduced, but the ease of operation decreases as drivers must manually align vehicles

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveenergy lossVSAvoidvehicle positioning
Core Design Contradiction:
Loss of energyVSEase of operation

Solution Approach 1:

The system employs sensors to detect the relative position between ground and vehicle coils, then provides real-time feedback to the driver through the user interface. This feedback mechanism enables the driver to adjust vehicle positioning to optimize coupling factor and minimize energy loss during wireless power transfer.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #23Feedback

Solution Approach 2:

The system replaces manual mechanical alignment with an automated sensor-based detection and electronic feedback system. Sensors automatically measure coil positions and the electronic user interface provides guidance, substituting the need for manual trial-and-error positioning with an automated guidance system.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #28Mechanics substitution (Replace mechanical system)

3Reliability

If manual alignment is used without guidance systems, then the device complexity is lower, but misalignment causes safety issues and energy loss

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvealignment accuracyVSAvoidguidance system
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The system employs sensors to detect the relative position between ground and vehicle coils, then provides real-time feedback to the driver through the user interface. This feedback mechanism enables the driver to adjust vehicle positioning to optimize coupling factor and minimize energy loss during wireless power transfer.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #23Feedback

Solution Approach 2:

The user interface acts as an intermediary between the sensor detection system and the driver. It translates raw sensor data about coil positions into actionable guidance information, mediating the connection between the complex sensing system and the simple driver action needed to achieve proper alignment.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

4Measurement precision

If sensors and transducers are added for alignment feedback, then alignment precision improves, but manufacturing cost increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecoil position detectionVSAvoidmanufacturing cost
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSEase of manufacture

Solution Approach 1:

The system uses existing vehicle sensors and transducers for multiple purposes - both for general vehicle operation and for the specific function of coil alignment detection. This multi-functionality reduces the need for dedicated expensive alignment sensors, lowering manufacturing costs while maintaining measurement precision.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #6Universality (Multi-functionality)

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

This approach enhances the efficiency of power transfer by maximizing the coupling factor, reducing energy loss and safety risks, while providing cost-effective and accurate alignment assistance for the driver during parking.

Implementation Method 1

transfer power magnetically from one pad module to another

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectMagnetic coupling: Electromagnetic Induction

Implementation Method 2

power may be transferred wirelessly, including capacitive coupling and inductive coupling

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectInductive power transfer: Electromagnetic Induction

Implementation Method 3

resonant inductive power transfer

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectResonant inductive power transfer: Resonance

Implementation Method 4

The coupling factor between coils in a wireless charging system provides an indication of distance between the coils

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectMagnetic coupling factor: Magnetic Field

Data Source

PatentEP4070983A1An apparatus for and method of guiding a vehicle
Publication Date: 2022.10.12 BRUSA ELEKTRONIK AG
  • EP4070983A1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP4070983A1 patent drawingFigure 2~7
  • EP4070983A1 patent drawingFigure 4~6

AI summary

The coupling factor between coils in a wireless charging system provides an indication of distance between the coils. The indication of distance can be used to assist in driving the vehicle to control the relative position between the coils. The indication of distance can be used in a vehicle positioning together with a location sensor to system calculating a path to a parking position. Transducers may be used to provide haptic feedback for a driver of the vehicle based on the indication of distance on the vehicle relative to a parking position.