Wireless Power Transfer Control System for Electric Vehicle Dynamic Charging
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing wireless power transfer (WPT) systems for electric vehicles face issues with low sampling accuracy due to high-frequency noise interference and unstable operation, and the 'segmented type' layout experiences significant fluctuations in coupling coefficients, leading to reduced transmission power and reliability.
Innovation Solution
A control system utilizing a mutual inductor and Hall effect sensor for voltage and current signal collection, implementing electric isolation and a hardware/software double protection mechanism, along with a magnetic coupling system for segmented dynamic wireless charging to stabilize power transfer and reduce coupling coefficient fluctuations.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Device complexity
If step-down resistor and capacitor are directly used to sample power supply, then the sampling circuit is simple, but high-frequency noise interference occurs leading to low sampling accuracy
Solution Approach 1:
The patent introduces an isolation circuit as an intermediary component between the power supply sampling point and the sampling circuit. This isolation circuit effectively blocks high-frequency noise from the main circuit while allowing the sampling of voltage and current signals to pass through, thereby resolving the contradiction between circuit simplicity and sampling accuracy by adding a noise-blocking intermediary rather than complex filtering components
Solution Approach 2:
The patent replaces traditional passive RC filtering mechanisms with an active isolation circuit that uses operational amplifiers and feedback control. This substitution transforms the noise rejection mechanism from passive frequency-dependent filtering to active signal conditioning, achieving high sampling accuracy without requiring complex passive component networks
2Device complexity
If only software-based protection mechanism is used, then the system structure is simple, but protection is untimely and system stability cannot be ensured
Solution Approach 1:
The patent implements hardware-based protection circuits that continuously monitor voltage and current parameters in real-time and are pre-configured with threshold comparison logic. When abnormal conditions are detected, the protection circuit immediately triggers shutdown or protection actions without waiting for software processing, achieving timely protection while maintaining relatively simple system structure through dedicated hardware monitoring paths
3Loss of energy
If segmented type layout is used, then system losses are reduced and electromagnetic leakage is minimized, but coupling coefficient fluctuates rapidly leading to reduced transmission power and efficiency
Solution Approach 1:
The patent implements dynamic adjustment mechanisms for the segmented transmitter coils, where the control system continuously monitors coupling coefficients and dynamically adjusts the activation state of individual coil segments. This dynamic adaptation allows the system to maintain optimal coupling conditions despite position variations, resolving the contradiction between energy efficiency and transmission stability by making the segmented configuration adaptive rather than static
Solution Approach 2:
The patent incorporates real-time feedback control where the receiver continuously measures coupling conditions and transmits this information back to the transmitter control system. The transmitter then adjusts its segment activation patterns based on this feedback to maintain stable power transfer, effectively compensating for coupling coefficient fluctuations while preserving the energy efficiency benefits of segmented operation
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The solution achieves stable and efficient power transfer by reducing high-frequency noise interference and coupling coefficient fluctuations, enhancing the reliability and efficiency of the WPT system while minimizing electromagnetic leakage.
Implementation Method 1
A control system utilizing a mutual inductor and Hall effect sensor for voltage and current signal collection
Implementation Method 2
The voltage sampling module includes a mutual inductor
Implementation Method 3
a magnetic coupling system for segmented dynamic wireless charging composed of transmitter and receiver coils can implement efficient power transfer
Data Source
AI summary
A control system for a wireless power transfer (WPT) system includes current sampling modules, voltage sampling modules, a logic conversion circuit, and a controller area network (CAN) communication module that are all connected to a microprocessor module; the current sampling module is connected to the logic conversion circuit through a signal isolation circuit, the logic conversion circuit is connected to a pulse-width modulation (PWM) module, the PWM module is connected to an inverter circuit or a DC/DC converter, and the current sampling module and the voltage sampling module are connected to a primary side or a secondary side of the WPT system; transmitter coils on the primary side are spaced apart on the road, a receiver coil on the secondary side is disposed on a chassis of an electric vehicle, and the transmitter coil includes a double rectangular coil, a ferrite core surface, and a shielding aluminum plate.