Quantum signal processing method and device, equipment and storage medium

Abstract

The present disclosure provides a quantum signal processing method and device, equipment and storage medium, relates to the field of data processing, in particular to the technical field of quantum computing, superconducting quantum computing, quantum control and the like. The specific implementation scheme is: obtaining an initial spectrum line corresponding to each reference frequency based on a target amplitude and a target phase corresponding to each excitation frequency in a plurality of excitation frequencies, and a target amplitude and a target phase corresponding to each reference frequency in a plurality of reference frequencies; wherein the excitation frequency represents the frequency of the microwave pulse used to excite the quantum bit; the initial spectrum line corresponding to the reference frequency is used to represent the degree of change of the excitation state information of the quantum bit with the excitation frequency on the basis of the reference frequency; determining the signal-to-noise ratio of the initial spectrum line corresponding to each reference frequency; obtaining a target spectrum line whose signal-to-noise ratio meets a preset requirement based on the signal-to-noise ratio of the initial spectrum line corresponding to each reference frequency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This disclosure relates to the field of data processing technology, and in particular to the fields of quantum computing, superconducting quantum computing, and quantum control. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of quantum technology, superconducting quantum computing has become one of the mainstream directions in real-world quantum computing. In superconducting quantum computing, the superconducting qubit is its core component; therefore, accurate and efficient characterization and calibration of superconducting qubits are particularly important. Spectral sweep (or frequency sweep) measurements of superconducting qubits play a crucial role in the automated characterization and calibration of superconducting quantum chips. Therefore, an efficient scheme for qubit calibration is urgently needed. Summary of the Invention

[0003] This disclosure provides a quantum signal processing method, apparatus, device, and storage medium.

[0004] According to one aspect of this disclosure, a quantum signal processing method is provided, comprising:

[0005] Based on the target amplitude and target phase corresponding to each of the multiple excitation frequencies, and the target amplitude and target phase corresponding to each of the multiple reference frequencies, the initial spectral lines corresponding to each reference frequency are obtained; where the excitation frequency represents the frequency of the microwave pulse used to excite the qubit; the initial spectral lines corresponding to the reference frequencies are used to represent the degree of change of the excitation state information of the qubit with the excitation frequency based on the reference frequency.

[0006] Determine the signal-to-noise ratio of the initial spectral lines corresponding to each reference frequency;

[0007] Based on the signal-to-noise ratio of the initial spectral lines corresponding to each reference frequency, the target spectral lines whose signal-to-noise ratio meets the preset requirements are obtained.

[0008] According to another aspect of this disclosure, a quantum signal processing apparatus is provided, comprising:

[0009] The processing unit is used to obtain initial spectral lines corresponding to each reference frequency based on the target amplitude and target phase corresponding to each of the multiple excitation frequencies and the target amplitude and target phase corresponding to each of the multiple reference frequencies; wherein, the excitation frequency represents the frequency of the microwave pulse used to excite the qubit; the initial spectral lines corresponding to the reference frequencies are used to represent the degree of change of the excitation state information of the qubit with the excitation frequency based on the reference frequency; determine the signal-to-noise ratio of the initial spectral lines corresponding to each reference frequency; and obtain target spectral lines whose signal-to-noise ratio meets the preset requirements based on the signal-to-noise ratio of the initial spectral lines corresponding to each reference frequency.

[0010] The output unit is used to output the target spectral line.

[0011] According to another aspect of this disclosure, a computing device is provided, comprising:

[0012] At least one quantum processing unit (QPU);

[0013] A memory, coupled to the at least one QPU and used to store executable instructions,

[0014] The instruction is executed by the at least one QPU to enable the at least one QPU to perform the method described above;

[0015] Or, including:

[0016] At least one processor; and

[0017] A memory communicatively connected to the at least one processor; wherein,

[0018] The memory stores instructions that can be executed by the at least one processor, which, when executed by the at least one processor, enables the at least one processor to perform the method described above.

[0019] According to another aspect of this disclosure, a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium is provided storing computer instructions that, when executed by at least one quantum processing unit, cause the at least one quantum processing unit to perform the method described above.

[0020] Alternatively, the computer instructions may be used to cause the computer to perform the methods described above.

[0021] According to another aspect of this disclosure, a computer program product is provided, comprising a computer program that, when executed by at least one quantum processing unit, implements the methods described above.

[0022] Alternatively, the computer program may implement the above-described method when executed by a processor.

[0023] In this way, the disclosed scheme can efficiently obtain the initial spectral lines at each reference frequency, and the initial spectral lines at each reference frequency can characterize the degree of change of the excitation state information of the qubit with the excitation frequency based on the reference frequency. Then, based on the signal-to-noise ratio of the initial spectral lines at each reference frequency, the target spectral line with the preset signal-to-noise ratio can be obtained. This scheme is simple and efficient, and the target spectral line can be obtained without other quantum state information or additional experiments. Thus, the qubit can be calibrated using the target spectral line, which improves robustness and provides strong support for efficient and accurate quantum manipulation.

[0024] It should be understood that the description in this section is not intended to identify key or essential features of the embodiments of this disclosure, nor is it intended to limit the scope of this disclosure. Other features of this disclosure will become readily apparent from the following description. Attached Figure Description

[0025] The accompanying drawings are provided to better understand this solution and do not constitute a limitation of this disclosure. Wherein:

[0026] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the implementation flow of the quantum signal processing method according to embodiments of the present disclosure. Figure 1 ;

[0027] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the implementation flow of the quantum signal processing method according to embodiments of the present disclosure. Figure 2 ;

[0028] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the implementation flow of the quantum signal processing method according to embodiments of the present disclosure. Figure 3 ;

[0029] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the implementation flow of the quantum signal processing method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure in a specific example;

[0030] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the target spectral line in a specific example of the quantum signal processing method according to embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0031] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a quantum signal processing device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0032] Figure 7 This is a block diagram of a computing device used to implement the quantum signal processing method of the embodiments of this disclosure. Detailed Implementation

[0033] The exemplary embodiments of this disclosure are described below with reference to the accompanying drawings, including various details of the embodiments to aid understanding, and should be considered merely exemplary. Therefore, those skilled in the art will recognize that various changes and modifications can be made to the embodiments described herein without departing from the scope of this disclosure. Similarly, for clarity and brevity, descriptions of well-known functions and structures are omitted in the following description.

[0034] In this document, the term "and / or" merely describes the relationship between related objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, A and / or B can represent three cases: A alone, A and B simultaneously, and B alone. The term "at least one" in this document indicates any combination of at least two of a plurality of elements. For example, including at least one of A, B, and C can mean including any one or more elements selected from the set consisting of A, B, and C. The terms "first" and "second" in this document refer to and distinguish between multiple similar technical terms, not to restrict the order or to limit there to only two. For example, "first feature" and "second feature" refer to two categories / two features; the first feature can be one or more, and the second feature can also be one or more.

[0035] Furthermore, to better illustrate this disclosure, numerous specific details are set forth in the following detailed description. Those skilled in the art will understand that this disclosure can still be practiced even without certain specific details. In some instances, methods, means, components, and circuits well known to those skilled in the art have not been described in detail in order to highlight the main points of this disclosure.

[0036] The following describes the related technologies of the embodiments of this disclosure. The following related technologies are optional solutions and can be combined with the technical solutions of the embodiments of this disclosure in any way, and they all fall within the protection scope of the embodiments of this disclosure.

[0037] With the rapid development of quantum technology, superconducting quantum computing has become one of the mainstream directions in real-world quantum computing. In superconducting quantum computing, the superconducting qubit is its core component; therefore, accurate and efficient characterization and calibration of superconducting qubits are particularly important. Spectral sweep (or frequency sweep) measurements of superconducting qubits play a crucial role in the automated characterization and calibration of superconducting quantum chips.

[0038] To comprehensively characterize quantum chips (such as superconducting qubits in superconducting quantum chips), the resonant excitation frequencies of each qubit on the quantum chip can be determined by spectral scanning measurements. Taking Transmon-type qubits as an example, experimentally, a microwave pulse P of a certain frequency f can be applied to the Transmon-type qubit. excitation To excite the Transmon type qubit, and further, to determine whether the Transmon type qubit is excited, a readout pulse (a preset value) P can be applied to the readout cavity (detuned to the Transmon type qubit). readout At this point, for qubits in different states, such as Transmon qubits in state 1 or state 0, the readout pulse P of the readout cavity... readout The amplitude A may vary, and the readout pulse P of the readout cavity will also vary.readout The phase Φ may also be different. However, in the initial case, it is unknown whether the change in the state of the qubit will ultimately cause a change in amplitude or phase.

[0039] For example, in one instance, to determine the resonant excitation frequency of a qubit (e.g., denoted as F), the qubit can be excited by a microwave pulse of a certain frequency f, and then a readout pulse (a preset value) P is applied to the readout cavity (coupled to the qubit). readout Measure the readout pulse P passing through the readout cavity. readout The amplitude A(f) and phase Φ(f).

[0040] Here, if the frequency f of the microwave pulse used to excite the qubit is not equal to the resonant excitation frequency F, the qubit will not be excited. In this case, the qubit can be considered to be in the 0 state, and the readout pulse P passing through the readout cavity can be recorded as... readout The amplitude A (f≠F) = A 0 Its phase Φ(f≠F)=Φ 0 Alternatively, if the frequency f of the microwave pulse used to excite the qubit is equal to the resonant excitation frequency F, the qubit will be in state 1 due to excitation. In this case, the readout pulse P passing through the readout cavity can be recorded as... readout The amplitude A (f = F) = A 1 Its phase is Φ(f=F)=Φ 1 Based on this, the microwave pulse P is changed. excitation At frequency f, if a readout pulse P is detected after exiting the cavity... readout If the amplitude A or phase Φ of a quantum bit changes significantly, it indicates that the quantum bit has been excited.

[0041] In practical scenarios, the resonant excitation frequency F of a qubit is unknown in its initial state, making it impossible to effectively excite the qubit. Furthermore, the amplitude or phase change ultimately caused by the qubit's state changes is also unknown, let alone the specific values ​​of the amplitude A and phase Φ when the qubit is in state 0 or 1. Therefore, how to process the amplitude A(f) and phase Φ(f) to obtain a high signal-to-noise ratio spectral line, and then use this spectral line to fit and obtain the resonant excitation frequency F of the qubit, becomes an important problem.

[0042] Based on this, the present disclosure provides a quantum signal processing method to efficiently obtain target spectral lines with high signal-to-noise ratio based on amplitude and phase. Moreover, the process is simple, does not require quantum state information or quantum state readout calibration information, and does not require additional experimental work, thus improving robustness.

[0043] Specifically, Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the implementation flow of the quantum signal processing method according to embodiments of the present disclosure. Figure 1 This method can be optionally applied to quantum computing devices that also have classical computing capabilities, or it can be applied to classical computing devices that also have quantum computing capabilities, or it can be directly applied to classical computing devices, such as personal computers, servers, server clusters and other electronic devices with classical computing capabilities, or it can be directly applied to quantum computers. This disclosure does not impose any restrictions on this method.

[0044] Furthermore, the method includes at least a portion of the following: (e.g.) Figure 1 As shown, it includes:

[0045] Step S101: Based on the target amplitude and target phase corresponding to each excitation frequency among multiple excitation frequencies, and the target amplitude and target phase corresponding to each reference frequency among multiple reference frequencies, obtain the initial spectral lines corresponding to each reference frequency.

[0046] Here, the excitation frequency refers to the frequency of the microwave pulse used to excite the qubit, for example, the microwave pulse is applied to the qubit to excite the qubit.

[0047] Furthermore, the initial spectral line corresponding to the reference frequency is used to represent the degree to which the excitation state information of the qubit changes with the excitation frequency, based on the reference frequency.

[0048] Step S102: Determine the signal-to-noise ratio of the initial spectral lines corresponding to each reference frequency.

[0049] In other words, in this disclosed scheme, the number of initial spectral lines is the same as the data of the reference frequency, that is, one reference frequency corresponds to one initial spectral line. In this way, quantifiable data is provided for obtaining target spectral lines with high signal-to-noise ratio.

[0050] Step S103: Based on the signal-to-noise ratio of the initial spectral lines corresponding to each reference frequency, obtain the target spectral lines whose signal-to-noise ratio meets the preset requirements.

[0051] In this way, the disclosed scheme can efficiently obtain the initial spectral lines at each reference frequency, and the initial spectral lines at each reference frequency can characterize the degree of change of the excitation state information of the qubit with the excitation frequency based on the reference frequency. Then, based on the signal-to-noise ratio of the initial spectral lines at each reference frequency, the target spectral line with the preset signal-to-noise ratio can be obtained. This scheme is simple and efficient, and the target spectral line can be obtained without other quantum state information or additional experiments. Thus, the qubit can be calibrated using the target spectral line, which improves robustness and provides strong support for efficient and accurate quantum manipulation.

[0052] In addition, this disclosed solution requires no manual intervention and is applicable to automated measurement and control programs. Therefore, it has strong versatility, practicality and applicability.

[0053] For example, in one example, the multiple excitation frequencies are multiple discrete frequency values ​​within a preset frequency range. Furthermore, in another example, the preset frequency range includes the resonant excitation frequency of the qubit, thus facilitating the efficient acquisition of the qubit's resonant excitation frequency using the processing method of this disclosure.

[0054] Alternatively, in another example, the multiple reference frequencies are also multiple discrete frequency values ​​within a preset frequency range.

[0055] It should be noted that the reference frequency can be understood as the substrate information of the initial spectral line. In this case, the degree of influence of the excitation frequency expressed by the initial spectral line on the excitation state information of the qubit refers to the degree of influence under the substrate information. Moreover, this degree of influence is based on amplitude and phase. Compared with the scheme that directly uses amplitude or phase as spectral line data (i.e., the spectral line expresses the degree of amplitude change with excitation frequency, or the degree of phase change with excitation frequency), the spectral line (such as the initial spectral line or the target spectral line) obtained by the scheme disclosed in this invention expresses more information. Therefore, it can find the information of quantum state change more quickly, and thus determine the resonant excitation frequency of the qubit more quickly.

[0056] Furthermore, in one specific example, the plurality of reference frequencies are obtained based on the plurality of excitation frequencies. In another specific example, the reference frequency is one of the plurality of excitation frequencies; for example, the reference frequency is a frequency selected from the plurality of excitation frequencies. This effectively saves on the number of experiments, laying the foundation for further improving efficiency, and also laying the foundation for further improving accuracy.

[0057] It should be noted that in practical applications, the number of reference frequencies and the number of excitation frequencies may be the same or different, and this disclosure does not impose any restrictions on this.

[0058] Furthermore, in one example, the number of reference frequencies is the same as the number of excitation frequencies, and their values ​​are mutually exclusive. In other words, each excitation frequency can be used as a reference frequency. In this way, the initial spectral lines corresponding to each excitation frequency as a reference frequency can be obtained. This process effectively reduces the number of experiments and lays the foundation for further improving efficiency.

[0059] Here, in one example, the target amplitude and target phase corresponding to the excitation frequency can specifically refer to the target amplitude and target phase obtained after reading the state of the qubit after the excitation frequency used to excite the qubit is applied to the qubit.

[0060] Furthermore, in one example, the target amplitude and target phase corresponding to the excitation frequency can specifically refer to the target amplitude and target phase of the readout pulse after the excitation frequency used to excite the qubit is applied to the qubit and a readout pulse (which is a preset value) used to read the state of the qubit is applied to the qubit.

[0061] In another example, the target amplitude and target phase corresponding to the reference frequency can specifically refer to the target amplitude and target phase obtained after reading the state of the qubit after the reference frequency is applied to the qubit.

[0062] Furthermore, in one example, the target amplitude and target phase corresponding to the reference frequency can specifically refer to the target amplitude and target phase of the readout pulse after the reference frequency is applied to the qubit and a readout pulse (a preset value) is applied to the qubit to read the state of the qubit.

[0063] In a specific example of the disclosed scheme, after obtaining the target spectral line, the target excitation frequency can be determined based on the target spectral line; this target excitation frequency is the frequency at which the qubit can be successfully excited. For example, the excitation frequency corresponding to the peak of the target spectral line can be determined based on the target spectral line; in this case, the excitation frequency corresponding to the peak is the target excitation frequency. Thus, the disclosed scheme can efficiently determine the target excitation frequency that can excite the qubit, providing strong support for efficient and accurate quantum manipulation.

[0064] In a specific example of the scheme disclosed herein, after obtaining the target excitation frequency, the resonant excitation frequency of the qubit can also be obtained based on the target excitation frequency. For example, the target excitation frequency can be directly used as the resonant excitation frequency of the qubit. Thus, the scheme disclosed herein can efficiently obtain the bit frequency of the qubit, providing strong support for efficient and accurate quantum manipulation.

[0065] Specifically, Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the implementation flow of the quantum signal processing method according to embodiments of the present disclosure. Figure 2 This method can be optionally applied to quantum computing devices that also possess classical computing capabilities, or it can be applied to classical computing devices that also possess quantum computing capabilities, or it can be directly applied to classical computing devices, such as personal computers, servers, server clusters, and other electronic devices with classical computing capabilities, or it can be directly applied to quantum computers. This disclosure does not impose any limitations on these applications. It is understood that the above... Figure 1 The methods shown can also be applied to this example, and the related content will not be elaborated further in this example.

[0066] Furthermore, the method includes at least a portion of the following: (e.g.) Figure 2 As shown, it includes:

[0067] Step S201: Obtain the target amplitude and target phase corresponding to the frequency to be processed in the following manner, so as to obtain the target amplitude and target phase corresponding to each excitation frequency, or the target amplitude and target phase corresponding to each reference frequency:

[0068] Step S201-1: Obtain N sets of measurement data corresponding to the frequency to be processed.

[0069] Here, the frequency to be processed is one of the plurality of reference frequencies, or one of the plurality of excitation frequencies.

[0070] Furthermore, each measurement data in the N sets of measurement data corresponding to the frequency to be processed is obtained after executing a preset excitation process, and includes the amplitude and phase corresponding to the frequency to be processed.

[0071] Further, in one example, the excitation process can be specifically described as follows: The qubit is excited using a microwave pulse with the frequency to be processed (e.g., a microwave pulse with the frequency to be processed is applied to the qubit), and then the state of the qubit is read using a preset readout pulse (e.g., the preset readout pulse is applied to the qubit). In this way, a set of measurement data can be obtained through the excitation process, and this measurement data can specifically be the amplitude and phase of the preset readout pulse after passing through the qubit. The obtained amplitude and phase are then the amplitude and phase corresponding to the frequency to be processed. This excitation process is repeated N times.

[0072] This will yield N sets of measurement data.

[0073] Step S201-2: Based on the amplitudes contained in the N sets of measurement data corresponding to the frequency to be processed, obtain the target amplitude corresponding to the frequency to be processed; and based on the phases contained in the N sets of measurement data corresponding to the frequency to be processed, obtain the target phase corresponding to the frequency to be processed.

[0074] For example, for the excitation frequency f n In other words, it can be based on the excitation frequency f n The excitation frequency f is obtained from the amplitudes contained in the corresponding N sets of measurement data. n The corresponding target amplitude A(f) n ), and, based on the excitation frequency f n The excitation frequency f is obtained from the phases contained in the corresponding N sets of measurement data. n The corresponding target phase.

[0075] For example, regarding the reference frequency f mIn other words, it can be based on the reference frequency f m The reference frequency f is obtained from the amplitudes contained in the corresponding N sets of measurement data. m The corresponding target amplitude A(f) m ), and, based on the reference frequency f m The reference frequency f is obtained from the phases contained in the corresponding N sets of measurement data. m The corresponding target phase.

[0076] It should be noted that the above provides an example of obtaining the target amplitude and target phase corresponding to the frequency to be processed (e.g., reference frequency or excitation frequency). In practical applications, other existing methods can also be used to obtain the target amplitude and target phase corresponding to the frequency to be processed, and this disclosure does not limit this.

[0077] Furthermore, the procedures for determining the target amplitude and target phase corresponding to different frequencies to be processed in this disclosure may be the same or different, and this disclosure does not impose any restrictions on this.

[0078] Furthermore, in one example, the target amplitude and target phase corresponding to each excitation frequency, as well as the target amplitude and target phase corresponding to each reference frequency, are obtained by using the above steps S201-1 and S201-2.

[0079] In a specific example, the target amplitude can be obtained in the following way: based on the amplitudes contained in the N sets of measurement data corresponding to the frequency to be processed, as described above, the target amplitude corresponding to the frequency to be processed is obtained, including:

[0080] Based on the amplitudes contained in the N sets of measurement data corresponding to the frequency to be processed, the average amplitude corresponding to the frequency to be processed is obtained; at this time, the target amplitude corresponding to the frequency to be processed is the determined average amplitude.

[0081] For example, in one example, based on the excitation frequency f n The excitation frequency f is obtained from the amplitudes contained in the corresponding N sets of measurement data. n The corresponding average amplitude; wherein, the excitation frequency f n The corresponding target amplitude is the average amplitude.

[0082] Alternatively, in another example, based on the reference frequency f m The reference frequency f is obtained from the amplitudes contained in the corresponding N sets of measurement data. m The corresponding average amplitude; wherein, the reference frequency f m The corresponding target amplitude is the average amplitude.

[0083] Thus, this disclosed scheme provides a specific method for obtaining the target amplitude. This method is simple, efficient, and highly accurate, providing strong support for the subsequent efficient acquisition of the initial spectral line and then the target spectral line.

[0084] In a specific example, the target phase can be obtained in the following way: based on the phases contained in the N sets of measurement data corresponding to the frequency to be processed, as described above, the target phase corresponding to the frequency to be processed is obtained, including:

[0085] Based on the phases contained in the N sets of measurement data corresponding to the frequency to be processed, the average phase corresponding to the frequency to be processed is obtained; at this time, the target phase corresponding to the frequency to be processed is recorded as the determined average phase.

[0086] For example, in one example, based on the excitation frequency f n The corresponding N sets of measurement data contain various phases, from which the excitation frequency f is obtained. n The corresponding average phase; at this time, the excitation frequency f n The corresponding target phase is the average phase.

[0087] Alternatively, in another example, based on the reference frequency f m The reference frequency f is obtained from the phases contained in the corresponding N sets of measurement data. m The corresponding average phase; wherein, the reference frequency f m The corresponding target phase is the average phase.

[0088] Thus, the present disclosure provides a specific method for obtaining the target phase, which is simple, efficient, and highly accurate, providing strong support for the subsequent efficient acquisition of the initial spectral line and then the target spectral line.

[0089] Step S202: Based on the target amplitude and target phase corresponding to each of the multiple excitation frequencies, and the target amplitude and target phase corresponding to each of the multiple reference frequencies, the initial spectral lines corresponding to each reference frequency are obtained.

[0090] Here, the excitation frequency represents the frequency of the microwave pulse used to excite the qubit; the initial spectral line corresponding to the reference frequency is used to represent the degree to which the excitation state information of the qubit changes with the excitation frequency based on the reference frequency.

[0091] For details regarding the excitation frequency and reference frequency, please refer to the description above; they will not be repeated here.

[0092] Step S203: Determine the signal-to-noise ratio of the initial spectral lines corresponding to each reference frequency.

[0093] Step S204: Based on the signal-to-noise ratio of the initial spectral lines corresponding to each reference frequency, obtain the target spectral lines whose signal-to-noise ratio meets the preset requirements.

[0094] Thus, this disclosed scheme provides a specific method for obtaining the target phase and target amplitude. In this scheme, the target phase and target amplitude can be obtained based on the measurement results obtained from multiple excitation processes. This effectively improves the accuracy of the target phase and target amplitude, thereby laying the foundation for improving the accuracy of spectral data in the initial and target spectra. Moreover, the process is simple and efficient, requires no manual intervention, and is suitable for automated measurement and control programs. Therefore, it has the advantages of versatility, practicality, and applicability, thus providing strong support for efficient and accurate quantum manipulation.

[0095] Specifically, Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the implementation flow of the quantum signal processing method according to embodiments of the present disclosure. Figure 3 This method can be optionally applied to quantum computing devices that also possess classical computing capabilities, or it can be applied to classical computing devices that also possess quantum computing capabilities, or it can be directly applied to classical computing devices, such as personal computers, servers, server clusters, and other electronic devices with classical computing capabilities, or it can be directly applied to quantum computers. This disclosure does not impose any limitations on these applications. It is understood that the above... Figure 1 and Figure 2 The methods shown can also be applied to this example, and the related content will not be elaborated further in this example.

[0096] Furthermore, the method includes at least a portion of the following: (e.g.) Figure 3 As shown, it includes:

[0097] Step S301: Based on the target amplitude and target phase corresponding to each excitation frequency, and the target amplitude and target phase corresponding to the reference frequency, obtain the spectral data corresponding to different excitation frequencies at the reference frequency.

[0098] It should be noted that the spectral data corresponding to the excitation frequency at the reference frequency can represent the excitation state information of the qubit after the excitation frequency is applied to the qubit under the reference frequency.

[0099] In a specific example, the reference frequency f can be obtained as follows: m Spectral data S corresponding to different excitation frequencies m Specifically, the above-described method of obtaining spectral data corresponding to different excitation frequencies at the reference frequency based on the target amplitude and target phase corresponding to each excitation frequency, and the target amplitude and target phase corresponding to the reference frequency (e.g., step S301) may specifically include:

[0100] The reference frequency f is obtained using the following steps. m The excitation frequency f n The corresponding spectral data S m (f n ), to obtain the reference frequency f m Spectral data S corresponding to different excitation frequencies m :

[0101] Step S301-1: Based on the reference frequency f m The corresponding target amplitude A(f) m ) and target phase Φ(f m ), thus obtaining the reference frequency f m The corresponding complex amplitude

[0102] Step S301-2: Based on the excitation frequency f n The corresponding target amplitude A(f) n ) and target phase Φ(f n ), thus obtaining the excitation frequency f n The corresponding complex amplitude

[0103] Step S301-3: Based on complex amplitude Complex amplitude Obtain the reference frequency f m The excitation frequency f n The corresponding spectral data S m (f n ).

[0104] Thus, by changing the excitation frequency, the reference frequency f can be obtained based on the above method. m Spectral data S corresponding to different excitation frequencies m .

[0105] Furthermore, by changing the reference frequency, spectral data corresponding to different excitation frequencies at other reference frequencies can be obtained. This method is simple and efficient, providing support for quickly obtaining initial spectral lines.

[0106] Thus, this disclosed scheme provides a specific method for obtaining spectral data corresponding to the excitation frequency at the reference frequency. This scheme is simple, highly interpretable, and the spectral data can express a large amount of information, providing quantifiable data support for quickly finding information about quantum state changes. Moreover, the above process does not require other quantum state information or additional experiments, thus improving the robustness of the overall scheme.

[0107] In addition, this process requires no manual intervention and is suitable for automated measurement and control programs, thus possessing strong versatility, practicality, and applicability.

[0108] Furthermore, in one example, the spectral line data S m (f n Complex amplitude can be obtained through the complex plane. With complex amplitude Distance is represented by .

[0109] For example, in one example, the spectral line data S m (f n It can be obtained through the following formula:

[0110]

[0111] Thus, this disclosed scheme provides a further refined method for obtaining spectral line data, and the spectral line data obtained by this scheme can express a large amount of information and has strong interpretability.

[0112] It provides quantifiable data support for quickly finding information about quantum state changes.

[0113] Step S302: Based on the spectral data corresponding to different excitation frequencies at the reference frequency, obtain the initial spectral lines corresponding to the reference frequency.

[0114] For example, in one example, the spectral data corresponding to the excitation frequency at the reference frequency is used as the vertical axis and the excitation frequency as the horizontal axis. At this time, the curve of the excitation state information of the quantum bit as a function of the excitation frequency can be obtained based on the reference frequency. This curve is denoted as the initial spectral line.

[0115] Step S303: Determine the signal-to-noise ratio of the initial spectral lines corresponding to each reference frequency.

[0116] In a specific example, the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the initial spectral line corresponding to the reference frequency can be obtained using the following steps. Specifically, the determination of the SNR of the initial spectral line corresponding to each reference frequency (e.g., step S303) described above includes:

[0117] The reference frequency f is obtained using the following steps. m The signal-to-noise ratio of the initial spectral lines is calculated to obtain the signal-to-noise ratio of the initial spectral lines corresponding to each reference frequency:

[0118] Step S303-1: Based on the reference frequency f m Spectral data S corresponding to different excitation frequencies m The reference frequency f is obtained. m The maximum, minimum, and average spectral line data are obtained.

[0119] Step S303-2: Based on the reference frequency f m The reference frequency f is obtained from the maximum, minimum, and average spectral line data. m Signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the initial spectral lines m .

[0120] Based on the above steps, the signal-to-noise ratio of the initial spectral lines corresponding to different reference frequencies can be obtained.

[0121] Thus, the present disclosure provides a method for obtaining the reference frequency f. m Signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the initial spectral lines m The specific scheme is simple and efficient, and can quickly determine the signal-to-noise ratio of the initial spectral lines corresponding to different reference frequencies, providing quantifiable data support for obtaining target spectral lines with high signal-to-noise ratios.

[0122] Furthermore, in a specific example, the reference frequency f m Signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the initial spectral lines m It can be obtained in the following way:

[0123] SNR m =(max(S) m )-min(S m )) / std(S m );

[0124] Wherein, the max(S) m () represents the reference frequency f m The maximum spectral line data under the condition of min(S) m () represents the reference frequency f m The minimum spectral line data, std(S m () represents the reference frequency f m The standard deviation spectral data.

[0125] It is understandable that the above formula is only for obtaining the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). m In a specific example, the above formula can be modified accordingly in practical applications, as long as the signal-to-noise ratio of the initial spectral lines corresponding to different reference frequencies can be compared horizontally. The present disclosure does not impose specific restrictions on the expression form of the above formula.

[0126] Step S304: Based on the signal-to-noise ratio of the initial spectral lines corresponding to each reference frequency, obtain the target spectral lines whose signal-to-noise ratio meets the preset requirements.

[0127] In a specific example, the target spectral line can be obtained as follows: specifically, based on the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the initial spectral lines corresponding to each reference frequency, the target spectral line with a SNR meeting a preset requirement is obtained (e.g., step S304). This specifically includes: selecting the initial spectral line with the highest SNR from the initial spectral lines corresponding to each reference frequency; and using the initial spectral line corresponding to the highest SNR as the target spectral line. In this way, a target spectral line with a high SNR can be obtained, and this target spectral line expresses a greater amount of information, enabling faster identification of quantum state changes and providing strong support for efficient and accurate quantum manipulation.

[0128] Thus, this disclosed scheme provides a specific method for obtaining spectral line data corresponding to the excitation frequency at the reference frequency. This scheme is simple, highly interpretable, and the spectral line data can express a large amount of information, providing quantifiable data support for quickly finding information about quantum state changes. Moreover, the above process requires no other quantum state information or additional experiments, thus improving the overall robustness of the scheme. Furthermore, this process requires no manual intervention and is suitable for automated measurement and control programs; therefore, it has strong versatility, practicality, and applicability.

[0129] It should be noted that, in a specific example, the qubits mentioned above can specifically refer to superconducting qubits in a superconducting quantum chip. Here, a superconducting quantum chip refers to a quantum chip made of superconducting materials. For example, all components in the superconducting quantum chip (such as qubits, coupling devices, etc.) are made of superconducting materials. Thus, the scheme disclosed herein provides an important basis for optimizing the design, manufacturing process, and operation scheme of superconducting qubits or superconducting quantum chips.

[0130] The following provides a more detailed explanation of this disclosed solution with specific examples. Specifically, for example... Figure 4 As shown, the specific steps of the quantum signal processing method of this disclosure include:

[0131] Step 1: Obtain the average value data corresponding to each excitation frequency, for example, obtain the target amplitude and target phase corresponding to each excitation frequency.

[0132] Specifically, with excitation frequency f n For example, the excitation frequency f is obtained. n The corresponding average amplitude A(f) n ) and average phase Φ(f n Here, the excitation frequency f n This represents one of the frequencies within a preset frequency range (e.g., a series of discrete frequencies) of a microwave pulse, and f min <f n <f max Here, f minf represents the minimum frequency value within a preset frequency range. max This indicates the maximum frequency value within the preset frequency range.

[0133] Furthermore, continuing with the excitation frequency f n For example, in one instance, the excitation frequency f can be obtained as follows: n The corresponding average amplitude A(f) n ) and average phase Φ(f n ):

[0134] The excitation process is executed N times to obtain N sets of measurement results. Here, a set of measurement results can be obtained after each excitation process, and each set of measurement results includes amplitude and phase.

[0135] Based on the amplitudes included in the N sets of measurement results, the average amplitude A(f) is obtained. n ), and based on the phases contained in the N sets of measurement results, the average phase Φ(f) is obtained. n ).

[0136] Furthermore, the excitation process may specifically include: applying an excitation frequency f to the vector quantum bits. n A microwave pulse is applied, and then a preset readout pulse is applied to the quantum bit. At this point, a set of measurement data can be obtained through the excitation process. This set of measurement data specifically includes the amplitude and phase of the preset readout pulse after passing through the quantum bit.

[0137] Step 2: Determine the initial spectral lines corresponding to each excitation frequency as the reference frequency, that is, obtain the initial spectral lines corresponding to each reference frequency.

[0138] In other words, in this example, a reference frequency can be selected from multiple excitation frequencies to obtain the initial spectral lines corresponding to each excitation frequency as the reference frequency.

[0139] For example, with an excitation frequency f j As a reference frequency (at this time, the reference frequency can be denoted as f), j That is, the reference frequency f j For example, the excitation frequency f can be obtained by following these steps. j The initial spectral line corresponding to the reference frequency:

[0140] Step 2-1: Obtain the excitation frequency f j The spectral data corresponding to each excitation frequency at the reference frequency (for example, it can be denoted as S). j ).

[0141] Here, with the excitation frequency f j The excitation frequency f, as a reference frequency n The corresponding spectral data can be denoted as S.j (f n At this time, the spectral data S j (f n It can be obtained through the following formula:

[0142] Spectral line data

[0143] in, The excitation frequency f is represented by j The complex amplitude, i.e., the reference frequency f j The complex amplitude, The excitation frequency f is represented by n The complex amplitude of the oscillation, where i represents the imaginary number.

[0144] Thus, with the reference frequency remaining unchanged (for example, fixed at the excitation frequency f), j In the case of ), by changing the excitation frequency, the excitation frequency f can be obtained. j Spectral data S corresponding to different excitation frequencies at the reference frequency j .

[0145] Step 2-2: Based on the excitation frequency f j Spectral data S corresponding to each excitation frequency at the reference frequency j , to obtain at excitation frequency f j The initial spectral line corresponding to the reference frequency is obtained, that is, the reference frequency f. j The corresponding initial spectral lines.

[0146] Based on the above method, by changing the reference frequency, the initial spectral lines corresponding to each reference frequency can be obtained.

[0147] Step 3: Obtain the signal-to-noise ratio of the initial spectral lines corresponding to each excitation frequency as the reference frequency.

[0148] For example, in one instance, the excitation frequency f can be obtained as follows: j The signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the initial spectral line corresponding to the reference frequency, for example, a measurable SNR. j Its expression is:

[0149] SNR j =(max(S) j )-min(S j )) / std(S j );

[0150] Here, max(S) j ) represents the excitation frequency f j Spectral data S corresponding to each excitation frequency at the reference frequency j The maximum value in; min(S)j ) represents the excitation frequency f j Spectral data S corresponding to each excitation frequency at the reference frequency j The minimum value in std(S). j ) represents the excitation frequency f j Spectral data S corresponding to each excitation frequency at the reference frequency j The standard deviation.

[0151] Thus, based on the above scheme, the signal-to-noise ratio of the initial spectral lines corresponding to each excitation frequency as the reference frequency can be obtained.

[0152] Step 4: Select the maximum signal-to-noise ratio from the signal-to-noise ratios obtained in Step 3. This maximum signal-to-noise ratio is the optimal signal-to-noise ratio obtained by this disclosed scheme, for example, it can be denoted as the optimal signal-to-noise ratio SNR*. The initial spectral line corresponding to this optimal signal-to-noise ratio SNR* is denoted as the target spectral line.

[0153] For example, the following can be obtained using this disclosed solution: Figure 5 The spectral line 1 shown represents the optimal signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) at the target reference frequency. * The curve showing the change of the excitation state information of the quantum bit (such as spectral data represented by the vertical axis) with the excitation frequency (such as the horizontal axis) at the corresponding reference frequency (which can be called the target reference frequency).

[0154] Furthermore, in a specific case, the obtained target spectral lines can be normalized to obtain target spectral lines whose spectral data falls within the 0-1 range. For example, for... Figure 5 Spectral line 2 in the image.

[0155] Thus, this disclosed solution employs a novel pulse signal processing method, which offers the following advantages compared to existing solutions:

[0156] (1) A high signal-to-noise ratio target spectral line can be efficiently obtained based on the original data (the phase and amplitude of the preset readout pulse of the qubit), thus improving the accuracy. At the same time, it is convenient to use the high signal-to-noise ratio target spectral line to obtain the high-precision resonant excitation frequency of the qubit, thereby providing strong support for efficient and accurate quantum manipulation.

[0157] (2) No quantum state information and quantum state readout calibration information are required, thus improving robustness.

[0158] (3) It does not increase the workload of experiments, in other words, it does not increase the cost of experiments. Thus, without increasing the cost, it provides strong support for a comprehensive and in-depth understanding of the performance of qubits (such as superconducting qubits) (such as energy level structure, transition behavior, etc.), and provides an important basis for optimizing the design, manufacturing process and operation scheme of qubits (such as superconducting qubits).

[0159] (4) It is applicable to automated measurement and control programs and has strong versatility, practicality and applicability.

[0160] This disclosure also provides a quantum signal processing device, such as... Figure 6 As shown, it includes:

[0161] The processing unit 601 is configured to obtain initial spectral lines corresponding to each reference frequency based on the target amplitude and target phase corresponding to each of the multiple excitation frequencies and the target amplitude and target phase corresponding to each of the multiple reference frequencies; wherein, the excitation frequency represents the frequency of the microwave pulse used to excite the qubit; the initial spectral lines corresponding to the reference frequencies are used to represent the degree of change of the excitation state information of the qubit with the excitation frequency based on the reference frequency; determine the signal-to-noise ratio of the initial spectral lines corresponding to each reference frequency; and obtain target spectral lines whose signal-to-noise ratio meets preset requirements based on the signal-to-noise ratio of the initial spectral lines corresponding to each reference frequency.

[0162] Output unit 602 is used to output the target spectral line.

[0163] In a specific example of the disclosed solution, the apparatus further includes: an information determining unit; wherein the information determining unit is configured to:

[0164] Based on the target spectral line, the target excitation frequency is determined; wherein, the target excitation frequency is the frequency at which the qubit can be successfully excited.

[0165] In a specific example of the disclosed solution, the information determining unit is further configured to:

[0166] Based on the target excitation frequency, the resonant excitation frequency of the qubit is obtained.

[0167] In a specific example of the scheme disclosed herein, the processing unit is further configured to:

[0168] The target amplitude and target phase corresponding to the frequency to be processed are obtained in the following way, so as to obtain the target amplitude and target phase corresponding to each excitation frequency, or to obtain the target amplitude and phase corresponding to each reference frequency:

[0169] N sets of measurement data corresponding to the frequency to be processed are obtained, wherein the frequency to be processed is one of the plurality of reference frequencies or one of the plurality of excitation frequencies, and each measurement data in the N sets of measurement data corresponding to the frequency to be processed is obtained after executing a preset excitation process, including the amplitude and phase corresponding to the frequency to be processed.

[0170] Based on the amplitudes contained in the N sets of measurement data corresponding to the frequency to be processed, the target amplitude corresponding to the frequency to be processed is obtained; and based on the phases contained in the N sets of measurement data corresponding to the frequency to be processed, the target phase corresponding to the frequency to be processed is obtained.

[0171] In a specific example of the disclosed solution, the processing unit is specifically used for:

[0172] Based on the amplitudes contained in the N sets of measurement data corresponding to the frequency to be processed, the average amplitude corresponding to the frequency to be processed is obtained; where the target amplitude corresponding to the frequency to be processed is the average amplitude.

[0173] In a specific example of the disclosed solution, the processing unit is specifically used for:

[0174] Based on the phases contained in the N sets of measurement data corresponding to the frequency to be processed, the average phase corresponding to the frequency to be processed is obtained; wherein, the target phase corresponding to the frequency to be processed is the average phase.

[0175] In a specific example of the disclosed solution, the processing unit is specifically used for:

[0176] Based on the target amplitude and target phase corresponding to each excitation frequency, and the target amplitude and target phase corresponding to the reference frequency, spectral data corresponding to different excitation frequencies at the reference frequency are obtained; wherein, the spectral data corresponding to the excitation frequency at the reference frequency can represent the excitation state information of the qubit after the excitation frequency is applied to the qubit under the reference of the reference frequency.

[0177] Based on the spectral data corresponding to different excitation frequencies at the reference frequency, the initial spectral lines corresponding to the reference frequency are obtained.

[0178] In a specific example of the disclosed solution, the processing unit is specifically used for:

[0179] The reference frequency f is obtained using the following steps. m The excitation frequency f n The corresponding spectral data S m (f n ), to obtain the reference frequency f m Spectral data S corresponding to different excitation frequencies m :

[0180] Based on reference frequency f m The corresponding target amplitude A(f) m ) and target phase Φ(f m ), thus obtaining the reference frequency f m The corresponding complex amplitude

[0181] Based on the excitation frequency f n The corresponding target amplitude A(f) n ) and target phase Φ(f n ), thus obtaining the excitation frequency f n The corresponding complex amplitude

[0182] Based on complex amplitude Complex amplitude Obtain the reference frequency f m The excitation frequency f n The corresponding spectral data S m (f n ).

[0183] In a specific example of the disclosed scheme, the spectral line data S m (f n ) through complex amplitude A in the complex plane With complex amplitude Distance is represented by .

[0184] In a specific example of the disclosed scheme, the spectral line data S m (f n It can be obtained through the following formula:

[0185] In a specific example of the disclosed solution, the processing unit is specifically used for:

[0186] The reference frequency f is obtained using the following steps. m The signal-to-noise ratio of the initial spectral lines is calculated to obtain the signal-to-noise ratio of the initial spectral lines corresponding to each reference frequency:

[0187] Based on reference frequency f m Spectral data S corresponding to different excitation frequencies m The reference frequency f is obtained. m The maximum spectral line data, minimum spectral line data, and average spectral line data are obtained.

[0188] Based on reference frequency f m The reference frequency f is obtained from the maximum, minimum, and average spectral line data. m Signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the initial spectral lines m .

[0189] In a specific example of the scheme disclosed herein, the reference frequency f m Signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the initial spectral lines m Obtained through the following method:

[0190] SNR m =(max(S) m )-min(S m )) / std(S m );

[0191] Wherein, the max(S) m () represents the reference frequency f m The maximum spectral line data under the condition of min(S) m () represents the reference frequency f m The minimum spectral line data, std(S m () represents the reference frequency f m The standard deviation spectral data.

[0192] In a specific example of the disclosed solution, the processing unit is specifically used for:

[0193] Select the maximum signal-to-noise ratio from the signal-to-noise ratios of the initial spectral lines corresponding to each reference frequency;

[0194] The initial spectral line corresponding to the maximum signal-to-noise ratio is taken as the target spectral line.

[0195] In a specific example of the scheme disclosed herein, the plurality of reference frequencies are obtained based on the plurality of excitation frequencies.

[0196] In a specific example of the scheme disclosed herein, the reference frequency is one of the plurality of excitation frequencies.

[0197] For a description of the specific functions and examples of each unit of the apparatus in this disclosure embodiment, please refer to the relevant descriptions of the corresponding steps in the above method embodiments, which will not be repeated here.

[0198] The acquisition, storage, and application of user personal information involved in the technical solution disclosed herein comply with the provisions of relevant laws and regulations and do not violate public order and good morals.

[0199] This disclosure also provides a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing computer instructions that, when executed by at least one quantum processing unit, cause the at least one quantum processing unit to perform the method described above using a quantum computing device.

[0200] This disclosure also provides a computer program product, including a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the methods described above for use in classical computing devices.

[0201] Alternatively, the computer program, when executed by at least one quantum processing unit, implements the method applied to a quantum computing device.

[0202] This disclosure also provides a quantum computing device, the quantum computing device comprising:

[0203] At least one quantum processing unit;

[0204] A memory, coupled to the at least one QPU and used to store executable instructions,

[0205] The instructions are executed by the at least one quantum processing unit to enable the at least one quantum processing unit to perform the method applied to the quantum computing device.

[0206] It is understood that the quantum processing unit (QPU) used in the present disclosure may also be referred to as a quantum processor or quantum chip, and may involve a physical chip comprising multiple qubits interconnected in a specific manner.

[0207] Furthermore, it is understood that the qubit described in this disclosure can refer to the basic information unit of a quantum computing device. The qubit is contained within the QPU and extends the concept of the classical digital bit.

[0208] According to embodiments of this disclosure, this disclosure also provides a computing device, a readable storage medium, and a computer program product.

[0209] Figure 7 A schematic block diagram of an example computing device 700 that can be used to implement embodiments of the present disclosure is shown. The computing device is intended to represent various forms of digital computers, such as laptop computers, desktop computers, workstations, personal digital assistants, servers, blade servers, mainframe computers, and other suitable computers. The computing device can also represent various forms of mobile devices, such as personal digital assistants, cellular phones, smartphones, wearable devices, and other similar computing devices. The components shown herein, their connections and relationships, and their functions are merely illustrative and are not intended to limit the implementation of the present disclosure described and / or claimed herein.

[0210] like Figure 7As shown, device 700 includes a computing unit 701, which can perform various appropriate actions and processes based on a computer program stored in read-only memory (ROM) 702 or a computer program loaded from storage unit 708 into random access memory (RAM) 703. RAM 703 may also store various programs and data required for the operation of device 700. The computing unit 701, ROM 702, and RAM 703 are interconnected via bus 704. Input / output (I / O) interface 705 is also connected to bus 704.

[0211] Multiple components in device 700 are connected to I / O interface 705, including: input unit 706, such as keyboard, mouse, etc.; output unit 707, such as various types of monitors, speakers, etc.; storage unit 708, such as disk, optical disk, etc.; and communication unit 709, such as network card, modem, wireless transceiver, etc. Communication unit 709 allows device 700 to exchange information / data with other devices through computer networks such as the Internet and / or various telecommunications networks.

[0212] The computing unit 701 can be a variety of general-purpose and / or special-purpose processing components with processing and computing capabilities. Some examples of the computing unit 701 include, but are not limited to, a central processing unit (CPU), a graphics processing unit (GPU), various special-purpose artificial intelligence (AI) computing chips, various computing units running machine learning model algorithms, a digital signal processor (DSP), and any suitable processor, controller, microcontroller, etc. The computing unit 701 performs the various methods and processes described above, such as quantum signal processing methods. For example, in some embodiments, the quantum signal processing method may be implemented as a computer software program tangibly contained in a machine-readable medium, such as storage unit 708. In some embodiments, part or all of the computer program may be loaded and / or installed on device 700 via ROM 702 and / or communication unit 709. When the computer program is loaded into RAM 703 and executed by the computing unit 701, one or more steps of the quantum signal processing method described above may be performed. Alternatively, in other embodiments, the computing unit 701 may be configured to perform quantum signal processing methods by any other suitable means (e.g., by means of firmware).

[0213] Various embodiments of the systems and techniques described above herein can be implemented in digital electronic circuit systems, integrated circuit systems, field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), application-specific standard products (ASSPs), systems-on-a-chip (SoCs), payload-programmable logic devices (CPLDs), computer hardware, firmware, software, and / or combinations thereof. These various embodiments may include implementations in one or more computer programs that can be executed and / or interpreted on a programmable system including at least one programmable processor, which may be a dedicated or general-purpose programmable processor, capable of receiving data and instructions from a storage system, at least one input device, and at least one output device, and transmitting data and instructions to the storage system, the at least one input device, and the at least one output device.

[0214] The program code used to implement the methods of this disclosure may be written in any combination of one or more programming languages. This program code may be provided to a processor or controller of a general-purpose computer, special-purpose computer, or other programmable data processing apparatus, such that when executed by the processor or controller, the program code causes the functions / operations specified in the flowcharts and / or block diagrams to be implemented. The program code may be executed entirely on a machine, partially on a machine, as a standalone software package partially on a machine and partially on a remote machine, or entirely on a remote machine or server.

[0215] In the context of this disclosure, a machine-readable medium can be a tangible medium that may contain or store a program for use by or in conjunction with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device. A machine-readable medium can be a machine-readable signal medium or a machine-readable storage medium. A machine-readable medium can be, but is not limited to, electronic, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor systems, apparatus, or devices, or any suitable combination of the foregoing. More specific examples of machine-readable storage media include electrical connections based on one or more wires, portable computer disks, hard disks, random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or flash memory), optical fiber, portable compact disk read-only memory (CD-ROM), optical storage devices, magnetic storage devices, or any suitable combination of the foregoing.

[0216] To provide interaction with a user, the systems and techniques described herein can be implemented on a computer having: a display device for displaying information to the user (e.g., a CRT (cathode ray tube) or LCD (liquid crystal display) monitor); and a keyboard and pointing device (e.g., a mouse or trackball) through which the user provides input to the computer. Other types of devices can also be used to provide interaction with the user; for example, feedback provided to the user can be any form of sensory feedback (e.g., visual feedback, auditory feedback, or tactile feedback); and input from the user can be received in any form (including sound input, voice input, or tactile input).

[0217] The systems and technologies described herein can be implemented in computing systems that include backend components (e.g., as a data server), or computing systems that include middleware components (e.g., an application server), or computing systems that include frontend components (e.g., a user computer with a graphical user interface or web browser through which a user can interact with embodiments of the systems and technologies described herein), or any combination of such backend, middleware, or frontend components. The components of the system can be interconnected via digital data communication of any form or medium (e.g., a communication network). Examples of communication networks include local area networks (LANs), wide area networks (WANs), and the Internet.

[0218] Computer systems can include clients and servers. Clients and servers are generally located far apart and typically interact via communication networks. Client-server relationships are created by computer programs running on the respective computers and having a client-server relationship with each other. Servers can be cloud servers, servers in distributed systems, or servers incorporating blockchain technology.

[0219] It should be understood that the various forms of processes shown above can be used to rearrange, add, or delete steps. For example, the steps described in this disclosure can be executed in parallel, sequentially, or in different orders, as long as the desired result of the technical solution disclosed in this disclosure can be achieved, and this is not limited herein.

[0220] The specific embodiments described above do not constitute a limitation on the scope of protection of this disclosure. Those skilled in the art should understand that various modifications, combinations, sub-combinations, and substitutions can be made according to design requirements and other factors. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the principles of this disclosure should be included within the scope of protection of this disclosure.

Claims

1. A quantum signal processing method, comprising: Based on the target amplitude and target phase corresponding to each of the multiple excitation frequencies, and the target amplitude and target phase corresponding to each of the multiple reference frequencies, the initial spectral lines corresponding to each reference frequency are obtained; where the excitation frequency represents the frequency of the microwave pulse used to excite the qubit; the initial spectral lines corresponding to the reference frequencies are used to represent the degree of change of the excitation state information of the qubit with the excitation frequency based on the reference frequency. Determine the signal-to-noise ratio of the initial spectral lines corresponding to each reference frequency; Based on the signal-to-noise ratio of the initial spectral lines corresponding to each reference frequency, the target spectral lines whose signal-to-noise ratio meets the preset requirements are obtained; The step of obtaining the initial spectral line corresponding to each reference frequency based on the target amplitude and target phase corresponding to each of the multiple excitation frequencies, and the target amplitude and target phase corresponding to each of the multiple reference frequencies, includes: Based on reference frequency The corresponding target amplitude and target phase To obtain the reference frequency The corresponding complex amplitude ; Based on excitation frequency The corresponding target amplitude and target phase The excitation frequency is obtained. The corresponding complex amplitude ; Based on complex amplitude Complex amplitude To obtain the reference frequency The excitation frequency The corresponding spectral data The spectral data corresponding to the excitation frequency at the reference frequency can represent the excitation state information of the qubit after the excitation frequency is applied to the qubit under the reference frequency. Based on the spectral data corresponding to different excitation frequencies at the reference frequency, the initial spectral lines corresponding to the reference frequency are obtained.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein, The method further includes: Based on the target spectral line, the target excitation frequency is determined; wherein, the target excitation frequency is the frequency at which the qubit can be successfully excited.

3. The method according to claim 2, further comprising: Based on the target excitation frequency, the resonant excitation frequency of the qubit is obtained.

4. The method according to claim 1, further comprising: The target amplitude and target phase corresponding to the frequency to be processed are obtained in the following way, so as to obtain the target amplitude and target phase corresponding to each excitation frequency, or to obtain the target amplitude and phase corresponding to each reference frequency: N sets of measurement data corresponding to the frequency to be processed are obtained, wherein the frequency to be processed is one of the plurality of reference frequencies or one of the plurality of excitation frequencies, and each measurement data in the N sets of measurement data corresponding to the frequency to be processed is obtained after executing a preset excitation process, including the amplitude and phase corresponding to the frequency to be processed. Based on the amplitudes contained in the N sets of measurement data corresponding to the frequency to be processed, the target amplitude corresponding to the frequency to be processed is obtained; and based on the phases contained in the N sets of measurement data corresponding to the frequency to be processed, the target phase corresponding to the frequency to be processed is obtained.

5. The method according to claim 4, wherein, The process of obtaining the target amplitude corresponding to the frequency to be processed based on the amplitudes contained in the N sets of measurement data corresponding to the frequency to be processed includes: Based on the amplitudes contained in the N sets of measurement data corresponding to the frequency to be processed, the average amplitude corresponding to the frequency to be processed is obtained; where the target amplitude corresponding to the frequency to be processed is the average amplitude.

6. The method according to claim 4, wherein, The process of obtaining the target phase corresponding to the frequency to be processed based on the phases contained in the N sets of measurement data corresponding to the frequency to be processed includes: Based on the phases contained in the N sets of measurement data corresponding to the frequency to be processed, the average phase corresponding to the frequency to be processed is obtained; wherein, the target phase corresponding to the frequency to be processed is the average phase.

7. The method according to claim 1, wherein, Spectral line data Through complex amplitude in the complex plane With complex amplitude Distance is represented by .

8. The method according to claim 7, wherein, Spectral line data It can be obtained through the following formula: .

9. The method according to any one of claims 1-8, wherein, Determining the signal-to-noise ratio of the initial spectral lines corresponding to each reference frequency includes: The reference frequency is obtained using the following steps. The signal-to-noise ratio of the initial spectral lines is calculated to obtain the signal-to-noise ratio of the initial spectral lines corresponding to each reference frequency: Based on reference frequency Spectral data corresponding to different excitation frequencies To obtain the reference frequency The maximum spectral line data, minimum spectral line data, and average spectral line data are provided below. Based on reference frequency The reference frequency is obtained from the maximum, minimum, and average spectral line data. Signal-to-noise ratio of the initial spectral lines .

10. The method according to any one of claims 1-8, wherein, Reference frequency Signal-to-noise ratio of the initial spectral lines Obtained through the following method: ； Among them, the Indicates reference frequency The maximum spectral line data below, Indicates reference frequency The minimum spectral line data, Indicates reference frequency The standard deviation spectral data.

11. The method according to any one of claims 1-8, wherein, The process of obtaining the target spectral line with a signal-to-noise ratio that meets preset requirements based on the signal-to-noise ratio of the initial spectral lines corresponding to each reference frequency includes: Select the maximum signal-to-noise ratio from the signal-to-noise ratios of the initial spectral lines corresponding to each reference frequency; The initial spectral line corresponding to the maximum signal-to-noise ratio is taken as the target spectral line.

12. The method according to any one of claims 1-8, wherein, The plurality of reference frequencies are obtained based on the plurality of excitation frequencies.

13. The method according to claim 12, wherein, The reference frequency is one of the plurality of excitation frequencies.

14. A quantum signal processing device, comprising: The processing unit is used to obtain initial spectral lines corresponding to each reference frequency based on the target amplitude and target phase corresponding to each of the multiple excitation frequencies and the target amplitude and target phase corresponding to each of the multiple reference frequencies; wherein, the excitation frequency represents the frequency of the microwave pulse used to excite the qubit; the initial spectral lines corresponding to the reference frequencies are used to represent the degree of change of the excitation state information of the qubit with the excitation frequency based on the reference frequency; determine the signal-to-noise ratio of the initial spectral lines corresponding to each reference frequency; and obtain target spectral lines whose signal-to-noise ratio meets the preset requirements based on the signal-to-noise ratio of the initial spectral lines corresponding to each reference frequency. Output unit, used to output the target spectral line; Specifically, the processing unit is used to process data based on a reference frequency. The corresponding target amplitude and target phase To obtain the reference frequency The corresponding complex amplitude Based on excitation frequency The corresponding target amplitude and target phase The excitation frequency is obtained. The corresponding complex amplitude Based on complex amplitude Complex amplitude To obtain the reference frequency The excitation frequency The corresponding spectral data The spectral data corresponding to the excitation frequency at the reference frequency can represent the excitation state information of the qubit after the excitation frequency is applied to the qubit under the reference frequency; based on the spectral data corresponding to different excitation frequencies at the reference frequency, the initial spectral line corresponding to the reference frequency is obtained.

15. The apparatus according to claim 14, wherein, The device further includes: an information determination unit; wherein the information determination unit is configured to: Based on the target spectral line, the target excitation frequency is determined; wherein, the target excitation frequency is the frequency at which the qubit can be successfully excited.

16. The apparatus according to claim 15, wherein, The information determining unit is further configured to: Based on the target excitation frequency, the resonant excitation frequency of the qubit is obtained.

17. The apparatus according to claim 14, wherein, The processing unit is further configured to: The target amplitude and target phase corresponding to the frequency to be processed are obtained in the following way, so as to obtain the target amplitude and target phase corresponding to each excitation frequency, or to obtain the target amplitude and phase corresponding to each reference frequency: N sets of measurement data corresponding to the frequency to be processed are obtained, wherein the frequency to be processed is one of the plurality of reference frequencies or one of the plurality of excitation frequencies, and each measurement data in the N sets of measurement data corresponding to the frequency to be processed is obtained after executing a preset excitation process, including the amplitude and phase corresponding to the frequency to be processed. Based on the amplitudes contained in the N sets of measurement data corresponding to the frequency to be processed, the target amplitude corresponding to the frequency to be processed is obtained; and based on the phases contained in the N sets of measurement data corresponding to the frequency to be processed, the target phase corresponding to the frequency to be processed is obtained.

18. The apparatus according to claim 17, wherein, The processing unit is specifically used for: Based on the amplitudes contained in the N sets of measurement data corresponding to the frequency to be processed, the average amplitude corresponding to the frequency to be processed is obtained; where the target amplitude corresponding to the frequency to be processed is the average amplitude.

19. The apparatus according to claim 17, wherein, The processing unit is specifically used for: Based on the phases contained in the N sets of measurement data corresponding to the frequency to be processed, the average phase corresponding to the frequency to be processed is obtained; wherein, the target phase corresponding to the frequency to be processed is the average phase.

20. The apparatus according to claim 14, wherein, Spectral line data Through complex amplitude in the complex plane With complex amplitude Distance is represented by .

21. The apparatus according to claim 20, wherein, Spectral line data It can be obtained through the following formula: .

22. The apparatus according to any one of claims 14-21, wherein, The processing unit is specifically used for: The reference frequency is obtained using the following steps. The signal-to-noise ratio of the initial spectral lines is calculated to obtain the signal-to-noise ratio of the initial spectral lines corresponding to each reference frequency: Based on reference frequency Spectral data corresponding to different excitation frequencies To obtain the reference frequency The maximum spectral line data, minimum spectral line data, and average spectral line data are provided below. Based on reference frequency The reference frequency is obtained from the maximum, minimum, and average spectral line data. Signal-to-noise ratio of the initial spectral lines .

23. The apparatus according to any one of claims 14-21, wherein, Reference frequency Signal-to-noise ratio of the initial spectral lines Obtained through the following method: ； Among them, the Indicates reference frequency The maximum spectral line data below, Indicates reference frequency The minimum spectral line data, Indicates reference frequency The standard deviation spectral data.

24. The apparatus according to any one of claims 14-21, wherein, The processing unit is specifically used for: Select the maximum signal-to-noise ratio from the signal-to-noise ratios of the initial spectral lines corresponding to each reference frequency; The initial spectral line corresponding to the maximum signal-to-noise ratio is taken as the target spectral line.

25. The apparatus according to any one of claims 14-21, wherein, The plurality of reference frequencies are obtained based on the plurality of excitation frequencies.

26. The apparatus according to claim 25, wherein, The reference frequency is one of the plurality of excitation frequencies.

27. A computing device, comprising: At least one quantum processing unit (QPU); A memory, coupled to the at least one QPU and used to store executable instructions, The instructions are executed by the at least one QPU to enable the at least one QPU to perform the method of any one of claims 1 to 13; Or, including: At least one processor; and A memory communicatively connected to the at least one processor; wherein, The memory stores instructions that can be executed by the at least one processor to enable the at least one processor to perform the method of any one of claims 1-13.

28. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing computer instructions, characterized in that, When at least one quantum processing unit is executed, the computer instructions cause the at least one quantum processing unit to perform the method according to any one of claims 1 to 13; Alternatively, the computer instructions are used to cause the computer to perform the method according to any one of claims 1-13.

29. A computer program product comprising a computer program that, when executed by at least one quantum processing unit, implements the method according to any one of claims 1-13; Alternatively, the computer program, when executed by a processor, implements the method according to any one of claims 1-13.

Images