14261 results about "Particle physics" patented technology

The invention discloses a method and a system for determining the reaction activity of material molecules based on quantum computing, and relates to the technical field of material performance analysis based on quantum computing, and the method comprises the following steps: generating UCCSD (Unified Conduction Cathode Spectroscopy) simulation according to an electronic structure of molecules of a target material; obtaining at least one effective excitation operator based on parameters in the coefficient of each excitation operator in UCCSD simulation and by combining all the excitation operators; constructing a quantum circuit according to all the effective excitation operators; determining energy level distribution of molecules of the target material based on the quantum circuit; and determining the reaction activity of the molecules of the target material according to the energy level distribution of the molecules of the target material. According to the method, in the process of obtaining the effective excitation operator, an ADAPT-VQE algorithm does not need to be executed, so that the analysis cost of the physical and chemical properties of the material can be reduced, and the analysis efficiency of the physical and chemical properties of the material can also be improved.

The invention belongs to the technical field of laser welding, and discloses a laser welding macro-micro multi-physics field cross-scale bidirectional coupling modeling method, which adopts a diffusion interface theory, considers macro heat flow information to revise micro phase field and solute field evolution equations, considers micro phase quality information to revise macro temperature field and flow field evolution equations, and considers micro heat flow information to revise micro phase field and solute field evolution equations. A macroscopic heat flow-microcosmic phase and mass multi-physics field bidirectional coupling model is innovatively constructed, and macroscopic and microcosmic bidirectional coupling calculation in the same computational domain is achieved. The model can overcome the limitation that a traditional sharp interface is difficult to couple, and a theoretical model basis is provided for precise prediction of macroscopic forming and microstructure evolution in the laser welding process. According to the method, a macroscopic temperature field / flow field-microscopic phase field / solute field bidirectional coupling mechanism is established, a cross-scale data bidirectional collaborative interaction method is provided, and therefore a laser welding macro-microscopic multi-physical field / cross-scale bidirectional coupling modeling method is provided, and precise simulation of macro-microscopic forming in the laser welding process is achieved.

The invention provides a preparation method of a transmission electron microscope ultrathin sample with a cross section of an electron beam sensitive material, which comprises the following steps: selecting a specific region as a to-be-extracted sample region for the electron beam sensitive material by adopting an electron beam imaging technology; depositing a protective layer on the surface of the to-be-extracted sample area by adopting an electron beam and / or an ion beam; bombarding a to-be-extracted sample area by utilizing a high-energy ion beam, extracting an electron beam sensitive material cross section sample from the to-be-extracted sample area, and fixing the extracted sample to a metal bracket; performing pre-thinning treatment on the extracted sample by using a focused ion beam to obtain a first thinned sample of which the thickness is reduced to be less than a first thickness; and transferring the first thinned sample into a micro-beam fixed-point ion thinning system, and carrying out multi-time stepped low-energy ion beam fine thinning treatment on the first thinned sample by using inert gas ion micro-beams to obtain a second thinned sample which is clean in surface and free of a surface ion damage layer and has the thickness reduced to be less than a second thickness, and taking the second thinned sample as a transmission electron microscope ultrathin sample.

The invention discloses an absolute type planar two-dimensional time grating displacement sensor based on an alternating electric field and a measuring method. Excitation signals are applied to X excitation pairs in sequence, when an induction electrode generates an induction signal, the excitation signals are stopped from being applied to the remaining X excitation pairs, and four paths of electric signals generated by an induction group are processed, so that the absolute type planar two-dimensional time grating displacement sensor based on the alternating electric field is obtained. Obtaining the X excitation antipode of the movable ruler base body and the displacement position of the movable ruler base body in the X excitation antipode so as to obtain the two-dimensional time grating absolute displacement value of the movable ruler base body relative to the fixed ruler base body in the X direction; similarly, a two-dimensional time grating absolute displacement value of the movable ruler base body in the Y direction is obtained; and then taking the two-dimensional time grating absolute displacement values in the XY direction as the coordinates of the movable ruler base body in the XY direction to obtain the absolute displacement of the movable ruler base body. The absolute positions in the X direction and the Y direction are obtained in a scanning mode so as to achieve planar two-dimensional absolute displacement measurement, accumulated errors and random errors can be reduced, the measurement precision can be improved, and wide-range high-precision measurement can be achieved.

The present disclosure discloses a circularly polarized satellite antenna based on a magnetoelectric dipole. A floor is slotted, and an equivalent magnetoelectric dipole is excited using a grounded right-angle folded dipole, while two square parasitic patches are loaded to enhance a radiation performance, thus exciting a broadband high-gain circularly polarized radiation beam. The present disclosure utilizes the L-shaped right-angle folded dipole to simultaneously realize an ingenious combination of an electric dipole and a magnetic dipole, realizing a good circularly polarized radiation performance. At the same time, the present disclosure realizes circularly polarized radiation using a form of the magnetic dipole, which results in a stable pattern and a high gain.

The invention discloses a deep sub-wavelength scatterer particle size evaluation method based on coherent axial diffraction calculation, and belongs to the technical field of optical imaging and microstructure analysis, and the deep sub-wavelength scatterer particle size evaluation method comprises the following steps: obtaining an image, and preprocessing the image; quantifying the preprocessed image, obtaining the scattered light energy concentration of each axial position of an image surface scatterer, obtaining the attenuation condition after scattered light energy defocusing based on the scattered light energy concentration, and compensating defocusing attenuation; the method comprises the following steps: extracting a peak value position and a width of a main peak, carrying out correlation analysis on the extracted peak value position and width data of the main peak and the corresponding scatterer feature size based on a deep sub-wavelength scatterer sample with a known feature size, and constructing a peak value position mapping function and a peak width mapping function; and performing particle size evaluation based on the constructed function. According to the method, the problems of low signal-to-noise ratio, large out-of-focus interference, poor applicability and the like of a traditional method are solved, and the precision and the universality of particle size evaluation are remarkably improved.

The invention provides a molecular dynamics quantum variation simulation method and device.The molecular dynamics quantum variation simulation method comprises the steps that an initial quantum state of a target molecular system is measured to obtain a position basis vector set, then the position basis vector set and momentum basis vectors of the initial quantum state are used for constructing a parameterized quantum circuit, and the parameterized quantum circuit is obtained; and iteratively updating the parameters in the parameterized quantum circuit until the target evolution time is reached, thereby obtaining the final quantum state of the target molecular system. According to the method, a large-scale molecular simulation problem can be solved on a shallow quantum circuit, it is guaranteed that the circuit depth is only related to the Hamiltonian of a system and does not increase along with simulation time, and due to the fact that the depth of the quantum circuit is not related to evolution time, the quantum circuit depth can be improved. The method provided by the invention can be applied to simulating the processes of structural evolution, phase change and the like of the material under a long time scale.

The technology relates to enhancing performance of quantum sensor operation in a noisy environment. Quantum neural networks are used to pre- and post-process analog signals to which qubits of a quantum sensor are exposed. Intra-processing using additional quantum neural networks may also be employed. This approach filters out noise from both the input analog signal and the system itself to achieve a very high signal to noise ratio. This permits the system to detect induced dynamics associated during exposure of the qubits to the analog signals. This enables the quantum sensor to sense a change in a state of a system under test, which can be beneficial for areas such as imaging, magnetometry, sensing electric fields, optomechanical sensors, quantum radar and other areas where enhanced signal to noise ratios are desired.

An apparatus includes an x-ray source configured to generate x-rays, at least some of which impinge a sample and at least one diffractor configured to concurrently diffract at least some of the x-rays from the sample in a first direction and in a second direction substantially orthogonal to the first direction. The apparatus further includes at least one two-dimensional (2D) position-sensitive x-ray detector configured to receive at least some of the diffracted x-rays and to concurrently generate first spectral information of the x-rays diffracted in the first direction and second spectral information of the x-rays diffracted in the second direction. The apparatus further includes circuitry configured to receive the first and second spectral information and to generate a single x-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) spectrum using the first and second spectral information.

The invention relates to the technical field of optical detection and calibration, in particular to an optical detection and calibration method based on a laser cross calibration method, which comprises the following steps of: 1, suppressing dynamic ambient light and adjusting laser parameters; step 2, extracting anti-distortion feature points; 3, multi-view error collaborative optimization: inputting the corrected coordinates output in the step 2 and mechanical motion parameters of a rotating shaft encoder into a splicing optimization model, constructing a coordinate transformation matrix with curvature constraint, and obtaining a three-dimensional calibration point cloud under a global coordinate system through iterative optimization; and 4, dynamic closed-loop compensation: dynamically correcting the laser power compensation coefficient in the step 1 and the distortion correction parameter in the step 2. Through close cooperation of multiple steps, high-precision, stable and self-adaptive laser calibration is realized, and reliable optical detection and calibration results can be provided in various environments and working conditions.

The invention discloses a single-coil winding type four-eight-pole composite iron system for beam homogenization. The composite iron system comprises a composite magnet current control device, a composite magnet main power supply and four-pole / eight-pole composite iron, the quadrupole / octupole composite iron has eight pole heads, and only one type of excitation coil is wound on each pole head; the current value of the A-type excitation coil is an absolute value of a quadrupole magnetic field excitation current value plus an octupole magnetic field excitation current value; the current value of the B-type excitation coil is an absolute value obtained by subtracting an octupole magnetic field excitation current value from a quadrupole magnetic field excitation current value; the quadrupole / octupole composite iron is used for simultaneously generating a dominant quadrupole magnetic field and an octupole magnetic field, so that the effects of quadrupole iron and octupole iron can be simultaneously realized by only installing one transmission element; the excitation coil structure of the quadrupole / octupole composite iron composite magnet is improved, and only one excitation coil is wound on each pole head, so that the size of the coil structure can be reduced, and the construction cost is reduced.

The invention discloses a high-speed multi-photon detection system and method. The system comprises a detector and a signal processing circuit, wherein the detector is composed of a window plated with a photoelectric cathode, a micro-channel plate stack and an anode; a plurality of incident photons are converted into a plurality of photoelectrons by the photoelectric cathode, and the photoelectrons are converted into electron cloud by the micro-channel plate stack; the incident electron cloud is divided into multiple paths by three layers of staggered metal strip electrodes of the anode, and charge collection is carried out to obtain charge short pulses of each layer of electrode; the signal processing circuit converts the charge short pulses transmitted by the three layers of electrodes into digital pulse signals, obtains the centroid coordinates of the electron cloud from the digital pulse signals as the abscissa value, the ordinate value and the verification value of the incident photon position, combines the abscissa value, the ordinate value and the verification value based on the screening condition to obtain the target two-dimensional coordinates, and finally obtains the target two-dimensional coordinates. And transmitting to a terminal for imaging display. According to the invention, a plurality of synchronous photons can be detected, the overall counting rate of the detector is greatly improved, and the detection efficiency is improved.

In a general aspect, a quantum program can be automatically synthesized or compiled. In some implementations, a discretized state space is obtained. The discretized state space includes a plurality of states for one or more qubits of a quantum processor. A discrete action space is obtained. The discrete action space includes a plurality of unitary operations for the one or more qubits of the quantum processor. A policy that uses the discretized state space and the discrete action space to generate quantum programs for quantum state preparation is defined. A dynamic programming process is used to improve the policy. An initial state and a target state of the one or more qubits is identified. The policy is used to generate a quantum program to produce the target state from the initial state. The quantum program include a subset of the unitary operations in the discrete action space.

The invention discloses a method for dynamically adjusting the frequency of a resonant cavity of a cyclotron and a tuning circuit, which are applied to the field of cyclotrons and solve the problem that when the frequency of the resonant cavity of the cyclotron is adjusted by judging the magnitude of reflection power, due to the fact that the reflection power can change in multiple stages in a single macro pulse period, the frequency of the resonant cavity of the cyclotron is adjusted. And an accurate numerical value is difficult to obtain through a simple amplitude sampling circuit. According to the invention, through determining the stable resonance time period of the resonant cavity, the phase difference between the incident power signal and the reflection power signal is sampled in the corresponding stable resonance time period of the resonant cavity, and the change value of the phase difference between the incident power signal and the reflection power signal is dynamically compared. According to the conversion relation between the phase difference change value and the frequency change value, the resonant cavity frequency change value is obtained through conversion, then the resonant cavity tuning device is adjusted to enable the resonant cavity frequency to be consistent with the frequency of the incident power signal all the time, and the dynamic tuning method of the resonant cavity is achieved.

A method for quantum error correction includes: trapping and / or manipulating an array of qubits that include encoded neutral atoms or ions and forms a computational space; encoding the array of qubits to a state characterized in that an error during at least one of an idling, gate, or other operation results in a respective qubit transition to a disjointed state where that error can be detected without disturbing the qubits remaining in the computational space; performing a syndrome measurement of a quantum error correcting code; identifying the presence and location of an error by detecting the corresponding neutral atom or ion has left the computational space after performing the operation; identifying a logical error in the quantum error correcting code associated with a loss of qubit information based on the identified error location and results of the syndrome measurement; and adjusting subsequent computational steps based on the identified logical error.

The invention discloses a Rydberg atom microwave measurement sensitivity improving method based on atom velocity selection, and relates to the field of Rydberg atom microwave measurement, and the method comprises the steps: moving the frequency of probe light to an energy level resonance transition position of cesium atoms from a ground state to an excited state, scanning the frequency of the coupled light within a Rydberg state energy level preset range, and observing an EIT signal; the frequency of the detection light is changed, the detuning amount of the detection light is selected to enable the EIT signal to reach the maximum, and the frequency of the detection light is locked to the frequency corresponding to the maximum position of the EIT signal; meanwhile, a local oscillation field signal generator in the Rydberg atomic microwave sensitivity measurement device is turned on, and corresponding EIT-AT splitting is generated; the frequency of the coupling light is locked to the coupling light laser frequency corresponding to the lowest point of EIT-AT splitting, and the Rydberg atom microwave measurement sensitivity reaches the maximum. The cesium atom speed is screened and controlled, and the signal-to-noise ratio of the measurement signal is improved, so that the measurement sensitivity is improved.

Quantum Phased Array(s) of emitters and receivers that generate, modulate, emit, receive, and detect any quantum field. Quantum phased arrays include particle source(s) sourcing any quantum field, transmit modulator element(s) modulating any quantum observable and the associated quantum field, emitting elements radiating one or more quantum fields spatiotemporally, a propagation medium with one or more modulator elements for complete control of the quantum field, receiver(s) receiving one or more quantum fields, receive modulator element(s) modulating any quantum observable and the associated quantum field, detector(s) resolving one or more received quantum fields. Quantum metrology, communication and computing systems including quantum phased arrays are detailed for leveraging quantum field engineering functionality (complete control of one or more wavefunctions of one or more particles in any one or more orthonormal bases) of quantum phased arrays for quantum metrology, communication and computing applications.

The invention discloses a wavefront reconstruction method for improving the dynamic range of a Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensor. Belongs to the technical field of wavefront detection. According to the method, a new Shack-Hartmann wavefront detection method is needed, the effective dynamic range of a Shack-Hartmann sensor can be expanded on the premise that the hardware complexity is not remarkably increased, local mismatching accumulation can be avoided through a reasonable matching strategy, and the detection accuracy is improved. Therefore, high-precision and high-reliability wavefront reconstruction can be realized in a large-amplitude wavefront distortion scene. Comprising the following steps: S1, detecting by a Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensor to obtain a light spot distribution diagram H (x, y); s2, extracting a light spot centroid pixel-level position through a matched filtering algorithm; s3, calculating the sub-pixel-level position of the mass center of the light spot through Gaussian interpolation; s4, a mass center-subaperture matching relation is established through a Kuhn-Munkres algorithm; and S5, calculating the wavefront slope according to the corresponding relationship between the centroid and the sub-aperture, and then recovering the wavefront according to the wavefront slope.

The invention discloses a self-adaptive full-band efficiency correction method for an LIBS (laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy). The method comprises the following steps: for each laser pulse, inputting collected spectral data into a trained physical information deep network to obtain a current plasma temperature; when the current plasma temperature is not in a preset ideal temperature interval, predicting by using a physical information deep network to obtain an optimal laser energy adjustment sequence; wherein energy adjustment is performed according to the optimal laser energy adjustment sequence, so that a future temperature sequence can be converged to a preset ideal temperature interval; controlling an energy controller of the laser to emit a next laser pulse according to the optimal laser energy adjustment sequence to obtain a stable plasma; and after the stable plasma is obtained, collecting target spectral data, and outputting a full-band efficiency calibration curve according to the target spectral data. And high-precision and high-robustness full-band efficiency correction can be realized in a complex and changeable real environment.

Methods and systems for quantum error correction on a quantum computer are provided. A quantum computer may comprise syndrome qubits, data qubits, and a plurality of quantum gates acting on the syndrome qubits and the data qubits.

The invention discloses a nut defect detection method based on X-ray imaging, and particularly relates to the field of X-ray nut material internal defect imaging, which comprises the following steps: generating and adjusting an initial light beam of X-rays through a synchronous radiation source, and constructing uniform irradiation field data for nut material detection; acquiring angle scattering light intensity matrix data based on the uniform irradiation field data; and performing phase inversion and sparse constraint optimization on the angle scattering light intensity matrix data to generate electron cloud density optimization distribution data, and constructing density connectivity relation graph data based on the electron cloud density optimization distribution data. By introducing a detection principle of combining high-coherence X-ray scattering imaging based on a synchronous radiation source and electron cloud density disturbance analysis, lossless identification of an early microcosmic physical deterioration region in a nut is realized; the problem that an existing method based on absorption imaging is insufficient in defect detection capacity under the background of weak density gradient and homogeneous component is solved.

A hybrid quantum-classical (HQC) computer system, which includes a classical computer and a quantum computer, solves linear systems. The HQC computer system splits the linear system to be solved into subsystems that are small enough to be solved by the quantum computer, under control of the classical computer. The classical computer synthesizes the outputs of the quantum computer to generate the complete solution to the linear system.

The present disclosure relates to an active graded magnetic compensation system and method for an unshielded SERF magnetometer. The system comprises: a detection laser, a half-wave plate, a magnetic field compensation coil, a magnetic field modulation coil, a non-magnetic heating assembly, an alkali-metal atomic vapor cell, a polarizing beam splitter prism, a balanced photodetector, a graded feedback control module, a pump laser, a quarter-wave plate, a focusing lens and a photodetector. By means of the present disclosure, a graded compensation system is used to realize high-precision compensation for a magnetic field within a large dynamic range in a geomagnetic environment, thereby ensuring that an instrument carries out high-sensitivity magnetic field measurement under geomagnetic conditions.

Systems, components, and methods for detecting characteristic signals are described. A detector includes a detector cell. The detector cell can be configured to generate an electrical signal in response to a particle incident on an active layer of the detector cell, The active layer can define an absorption surface. The detector can include a filter. The filter can include a membrane of carbon material. The filter can be disposed relative to the detector cell to shield the absorption surface from a subset of the incident particles. The subset of the incident particles can include electrons, ions, and photons. The photons can have an energy less than about 40 eV.

The invention relates to a partial discharge detection system based on Rydberg atoms in the field of partial discharge detection of electrical equipment, the system comprises an optical path frequency stabilization module, an atom probe, a photoelectric detection module, a controller module and a power frequency synchronous trigger signal circuit, the optical path frequency stabilization module locks 852.35 nm probe light and pump light frequency less than 509.53 nm through SAS and EIT technologies, and the atomic probe is used for detecting the frequency of the probe light. Inducing transition from a cesium atom ground state to a first excited state to a Rydberg state; under the effect of partial discharge pulse, the atomic probe outputs a modulated EIT transmission spectrum signal, after photoelectric conversion and filtering, the controller module analyzes the amplitude and phase information of the pulse in combination with a power frequency synchronizing signal, the upper computer generates a PRPD diagram to analyze the discharge correlation, the detection sensitivity of the system reaches-50dBm, the frequency band of 300MHz-2GHz is covered, the dynamic range is greater than or equal to 50dB, the equivalent height is greater than or equal to 20mm, and the discharge correlation is greater than or equal to 20mm. Broadband and high-resolution detection is achieved, the problem of phase synchronization is solved, and the device is suitable for high-voltage environment on-line monitoring.

The invention provides a method and a system for measuring plasma current in a quasi-ring symmetrical star simulator, and relates to the technical field of star simulators, and the method comprises the steps: determining a sensor design index according to a bootstrap current simulation calculation result, and converting the design index into an actual arrangement scheme according to an installation environment constraint; all the magnet coils are independently excited in a plasma-free state, wall eddy current interference signals generated by the magnet coils are calibrated, and thus wall eddy current calibration voltage signals are output; a sensor in an actual arrangement scheme is used for synchronously collecting a total original induced voltage signal including plasma current and wall eddy current; an integral voltage signal representing the total current is output; and compensating the integral voltage signal by using the wall eddy current calibration voltage signal, and inverting the final measurement value of the plasma current in the quasi-ring symmetric star simulator. The device and the method have the beneficial effects that the interference of a stray field on a measurement result is weakened, and a high-precision diagnostic tool is provided for the plasma physical research of the star simulator.

A wide-field dynamic magnetic imaging device and method. The wide-field dynamic magnetic imaging device comprises: a probe assembly (1), comprising a diamond (101) containing NV centers; a microwave magnetic field assembly (2) configured to generate a uniform microwave field and a uniform bias magnetic field in the vicinity of the diamond (101), so as to regulate the spin energy level of the diamond (101) and the quantum state evolution process; a laser modulation assembly (3) configured to output an initial uniform pulsed laser to excite the diamond (101) to emit fluorescence; a fringe light modulation assembly (4) configured to modulate the initial uniform pulsed laser to output a fringe pulsed laser, causing the fluorescence emitted by the diamond (101) to be fringe fluorescence, or to modulate the fluorescence emitted by the diamond (101) into fringe fluorescence; a fluorescence detection assembly (5) configured to perform spatial imaging on the fringe fluorescence to obtain magnetic field information of a sample under test (7), thereby obtaining an initial magnetic image of said sample (7); and a data processing assembly (6) configured to perform Fourier transform and inverse Fourier transform on the initial magnetic image to obtain a first magnetic image.

The invention provides an active regulation and control device for a microwave resonant cavity based on Rydberg atoms. The microwave resonant cavity comprises a protective shell, an atomic gas chamber and a photoelectric detector, the active regulation and control device comprises a PID control module and piezoelectric ceramics, the PID control module is used for processing a received EIT transmission spectrum signal after generating a modulation signal to carry out atomic resonant frequency scanning on the atomic gas chamber, obtaining a target resonant frequency through a current feedback zero crossing point corresponding to an EIT transmission spectrum valley bottom value, and generating a deviation correction signal; and the piezoelectric ceramic is used for adjusting the length of a protective shell of the microwave resonant cavity according to the received correction signal, so that the atomic resonant frequency is locked as the target resonant frequency. The invention further provides an active regulation and control method for the microwave resonant cavity based on the Rydberg atoms. According to the invention, the resonant frequency of the microwave resonant cavity can be rectified in real time, and the optimal and most stable resonant mode of the local oscillation microwave frequency responding to atoms is kept.

The invention discloses a method and a model for generating a quantum state set, and the method comprises the following steps: adding depolarization noise to any target quantum state through a non-unitary forward process, and converting the target quantum state into a completely mixed state; and de-noising the complete mixed state by using a trainable reverse process, and recovering the complete mixed state to the target quantum state. According to the method, more stable convergence performance is achieved based on the convex optimization method, the pure state and the mixed state can be effectively generated, excellent fidelity is achieved, and the huge potential in the aspect of coping with complex quantum generation tasks is shown.

An example method includes directing gas, via one or more first valves, from within an inner electrode to an acceleration region between the inner electrode and an outer electrode that substantially surrounds the inner electrode, directing gas, via two or more second valves, from outside the outer electrode to the acceleration region, and applying, via a power supply, a voltage between the inner electrode and the outer electrode, thereby converting at least a portion of the directed gas into a plasma having a substantially annular cross section, the plasma flowing axially within the acceleration region toward a first end of the inner electrode and a first end of the outer electrode and, thereafter, establishing a Z-pinch plasma that flows between the first end of the outer electrode and the first end of the inner electrode. Related plasma confinement systems and methods are also disclosed herein.