4083 results about "Irradiation" patented technology

The invention relates to the technical field of light source control, and discloses a self-adaptive regulation and control method and device for wafer detection light source brightness, and the method comprises the steps: carrying out the preliminary irradiation of a wafer through a preset annular light source, collecting initial image data, carrying out the digital simulation according to the initial detection data, and generating a wafer detection feedback model; analyzing a light source irradiation demand according to the detection feedback model, generating a gradient execution scheme, sequentially configuring light source parameters according to the gradient scheme, carrying out multiple rounds of detection on a wafer, collecting data, feeding detection data back to the model, carrying out parameter adjustment, carrying out expanded light source detection demand analysis on the adjusted model, and generating an expanded detection scheme. According to the method, by automatically adjusting the brightness and configuration of the light source, efficient and accurate wafer surface defect detection is achieved, the detection precision and efficiency are improved, the method adapts to the detection requirements of different wafers, and the problem that in the prior art, due to the fact that the light source used for detection is not comprehensive enough, the defect is not detected is solved.

The invention discloses a UV illumination control method and system for a reel-to-reel exposure machine. The method comprises the following steps: acquiring a real-time moving speed and a tension change value of a coiled material; when the tension change value is greater than the tension threshold value, predicting the deformation trend of the surface of the coiled material based on a nonlinear regression algorithm in combination with the real-time moving speed to obtain a deformation influence value; according to the deformation influence value, a PID control algorithm is adopted to adjust the UV light source, and a light intensity distribution value is obtained; according to the light intensity distribution value, a fuzzy control algorithm is adopted to calculate the output intensity requirement of the UV light source, and speed adjustment is carried out in combination with the real-time moving speed, so that optimized irradiation parameters are obtained; performing area judgment according to the optimized irradiation parameters to obtain an overexposure area and an underexposure area; and adjusting the intensity and distribution of the UV light source in the overexposure area and the underexposure area until the area exposure quality reaches a preset standard range. The method can realize real-time response regulation and control on tension and speed change of the coiled material, and solves the problem of non-uniform exposure dose.

A radiation imaging system comprises a radiation detector having a plurality of pixels for detecting radiation arrayed in a matrix, a plurality of detecting pixels arranged in a region in which the plurality of pixels are arrayed in the matrix and configured to output a signal corresponding to an amount of irradiation with the radiation; and a processing unit. The processing unit receives weighting information associated with a region of interest in an imaging range and generates determination information for controlling irradiation with the radiation by applying the weighting information to the corresponding signal.

The invention relates to the technical field of SRAM (Static Random Access Memory) memory anti-radiation testing, and discloses an SRAM memory anti-radiation testing method and system based on running state injection, and the method comprises the following steps: system initialization, mapping preparation and time sequence baseline establishment; carrying out model quantitative compiling, sensitivity analysis and physical bit candidate generation; generating a running state injection plan and loading a test case; performing operation state execution, disturbance injection and synchronous monitoring acquisition; multi-source triggering, weight read-back and fault decoupling judgment are carried out; and performing quantitative evaluation on anti-radiation performance, constructing a degradation curve and outputting a report. The system corresponds to the method. According to the invention, a hardware-in-the-loop operation state injection and online evaluation technology is constructed, and the technical problems of guidance and position limited disturbance / equivalent irradiation injection based on weight bit level sensitivity and logic-physical mapping are solved.

The invention discloses a cable electric leakage detection device and detection method, and belongs to the field of cable electric leakage detection. A cable electric leakage detection device comprises a base. A detection rod; and a cleaning brush. Air is blown out through the cleaning brush, and the cleaning brush is matched to brush the outer surface of the cable, so that dust and other impurities at the damaged and crack positions of the outer surface of the cable are cleaned out, the cleanliness of the cable is ensured, and red fluorescence labeling liquid is released at the damaged and crack positions of the outer surface of the cable; the cable damage and crack detection device can mark all damage and cracks of a cable, observation of subsequent personnel is facilitated, the detection efficiency and quality of the damage and cracks of the cable are improved, eye fatigue of detection personnel is reduced at the same time, red fluorescent marking liquid can be turned into green under irradiation of an ultraviolet lamp, and the detection efficiency is improved. Therefore, the personnel can visually judge the electric leakage part of the cable according to the color, the detection accuracy of the electric leakage part of the cable is improved, and the burden of the personnel is reduced.

The invention belongs to the field of plastic product production, and particularly relates to a composite material for preparing a textile dyeing tube. The composite material mainly comprises the following components in parts by weight: 10 parts of PET resin, 10 parts of ASA resin, 1-6 parts of matt master batches, 1-3 parts of titanium dioxide, 1-2 parts of rosin, 0-1.5 parts of an antioxidant, 0-1 part of a fire retardant and 1-2 parts of a lubricating agent, wherein titanium dioxide is rutile titanium dioxide. Compared with the prior art, the components are good in compatibility; the molded product has excellent physical and mechanical properties, low glossiness, high strength (caused by titanium dioxide) and good tenacity, and is suitable for injection molding of plastic products; the metallic luster caused by titanium dioxide can be reduced; the noise can be reduced; titanium dioxide can be used for disinfecting under irradiation of an ultraviolet lamp; the composite material is very convenient; and the lubricating agent is added, so that the surface is relatively smooth.

The invention relates to a full-automatic test system and method compatible with multi-type component irradiation tests, and the system comprises an irradiation main control board, an irradiation test board and an irradiation load board which are disposed in an irradiation room and are connected through a cable, and an electronic load, a programmable power supply, an upper computer and a digital oscilloscope which are disposed in a test preparation room. The system can compatibly support the irradiation test of the total dose effect and the single event effect, is suitable for the rapid assessment demand of multiple types of COTS components on a large scale, and can meet the urgent demand of the commercial spaceflight field for the evaluation of the radiation resistance of the COTS components.

The invention discloses a high geological disaster chain risk quantitative assessment method adapted to a high-cold and high-altitude environment, and relates to the technical field of geological disaster monitoring and prevention and control, and the method comprises the following steps: S100, building an irradiation and reflection combined observation layer, collecting the dynamic intensity of direct light and reflected light, generating an exposure time sequence fingerprint baseline, and obtaining an exposure time sequence fingerprint baseline; and determining a critical threshold value of the direct light intensity according to the base line. The method comprises the following steps: constructing an irradiation and reflection combined observation layer to extract light intensity characteristics, and generating an exposure time sequence fingerprint baseline; a trigger point boundary is extracted by adopting coherent phase decomposition and anti-fact playback, and a continuous track is reconstructed; the overexposure risk is predicted based on the time-frequency score, and spectrum gating and polarization rotation are linked to regulate and control the exposure rhythm; and reverse phase traction and phase conjugate intervention are implemented in a steady-state window, so that boundary information is maintained and the risk identification precision is improved.

A nuclear reactor is discussed herein. In some examples, the nuclear reactor may comprise an inner-core region, including liquid fuel, coolant / moderator, and a hydrogen vapor space, an out-of-core region surrounding the inner-core region, the out-of-core region including, an inner reflector adjacent to the inner-core region, the inner reflector including a first irradiation facility, and an outer reflector adjacent to the inner reflector, the outer reflector including a second irradiation facility.

An illumination unit includes a light source and a light guiding component, and the light source includes a plurality of light emitting modules distributed in an arc shape to make the emitted incident light to be emitted through the light guiding component to present an angled irradiation range. By providing a plurality of light emitting modules distributed in an arc shape and a corresponding matched light guiding component, the illumination unit can provide an illumination function to illuminate the space while providing a visually attractive illumination effect when being applied to an illumination glass, thus providing more feasibility for product structure design and functional design, and being widely applicable to various occasions.

A radiation irradiation system including a radiation generating device and a carrying table, a beam generated by the radiation generating device irradiates an irradiated object on the carrying table, the radiation irradiation system further includes a carrying table positioning device, the carrying table is supported by the carrying table positioning device, the carrying table positioning device includes a positioning mechanism, the positioning mechanism includes a linear axis, the carrying table positioning device may horizontally move along the linear axis, and an extending direction of the linear axis is parallel to an irradiation direction of beams generated by the radiation generating device. In the positioning process of the carrying table, most of the carrying table positioning device is located in the space between the linear axis and the beam outlet, the radioactivity and life-span shortening caused by the radiation of the various components of the carrying table positioning device are reduced.

A radiation imaging system comprising a radiation imaging apparatus configured to detect radiation emitted from a radiation source, and a radiation control apparatus configured to control the radiation source is provided. The radiation imaging apparatus is configured to output dose information, which includes a dose of radiation entering the radiation imaging apparatus and a time at which the dose was detected, to the radiation control apparatus a plurality of times. The radiation control apparatus is configured to set the threshold dose based on a difference between a time included in the dose information from the radiation imaging apparatus and a time at which the radiation control apparatus received the dose information, and control the radiation source to stop radiation irradiation based on the threshold dose.

The invention relates to a sensor head (20), wherein the sensor head (20) comprises a sensor element (11), a glass fiber and / or an optical waveguide (6). The sensor element (11) is mechanically and optically connected to the first end of the glass fiber or the optical waveguide (6) such that the glass fiber or the optical waveguide (6) can irradiate the sensor element (11) with pump radiation of a pump radiation wavelength, which the glass fiber or the optical waveguide (6) transports in the direction of the sensor element (6), and the glass fiber or the optical waveguide (6) can detect fluorescence radiation with a fluorescence radiation wavelength from the interior of the sensor element (11) and transports it in the direction away from the sensor element (6). The sensor head comprises a ceramic ferrule (7) with an inner tube along its longitudinal axis.The optical fiber (6) is inserted into the inner tube of the ferrule (7) so that the sensor element (11) is located at the other end of the ferrule (7) and / or protrudes from the inner tube of the ferrule (7). The ferrule (7) is inserted into a hollow tip (3) so that the sensor element (11) is preferably located at the tip of the hollow tip (3). The hollow tip (3) is inserted into a ceramic tube (2). The sensor head (20) comprises a shuttle (8). The glass fiber or the optical fiber (6) is guided within the shuttle (8). The shuttle (8) is inserted within the ceramic tube (2). The hollow tip (3) closes the ceramic tube (2). A holder (1) is pushed or plugged onto the ceramic tube (2). The glass fiber or the optical fiber (6) is guided outside the sensor head (2) in an outermost fiber shield (5).The sensor element (11) comprises crystals with paramagnetic centers that emit fluorescence radiation upon irradiation with pump radiation of the pump radiation wavelength. The crystal can, in particular, comprise diamond with NV centers and / or ST1 centers and / or TR1 centers as paramagnetic centers.

The invention discloses a high-capacity solid state disk single event effect testing method and device based on high-energy particles. The testing method comprises the steps that an SSD user data preset experiment is carried out; based on the data preset experiment, utilizing a device to carry out an irradiation test, judging whether the SSD module has errors such as single event locking and function interruption under an irradiation condition, determining a judgment result, carrying out quantitative calculation on the errors, and outputting a function test result; based on the function test result, performing a silent data destruction test in a post-irradiation test stage; recording silent data destruction and fixed bit error data according to the silent data destruction test; and based on the silent data destruction and the fixed bit error data, carrying out error characteristic quantification calculation, and outputting a calculation result. According to the method, parameterized evaluation of the radiation resistance of the SSD can be realized.

The invention discloses a method and a system for determining optimal parameters of an X-ray excited extra-high voltage composite apparatus, and relates to the technical field of extra-high voltage electrical equipment detection. The method comprises the following steps: remotely operating the X-ray machine and calculating partial discharge intensity; for the current irradiation position, the tube voltage and the tube current are gradually adjusted, parameters are dynamically optimized based on the quantitative relation between the partial discharge intensity and the radiation dose rate change rate, and the optimal parameters are recorded; and changing position repetition parameter optimization, and constructing a BP neural network model after data set training optimization so as to predict an optimal irradiation position. The optimized BP neural network adopts an improved sparrow search algorithm to optimize an initial weight and a threshold value, and combines Bayesian to optimize a learning rate and a hidden node number. Accurate optimization of excitation parameters and irradiation positions is achieved, detection accuracy and safety are both considered, the optimal irradiation position positioning efficiency is improved, and the method is suitable for ultra-high voltage GIS detection of different voltage grades.

The invention provides an anti-radiation obtaining method and system of a strong current pulse measurement system, and belongs to the technical field of pulse power, and the method comprises the steps: analyzing the influence of each device parameter in the strong current pulse measurement system on the output characteristics of the strong current pulse measurement system, and recognizing a key device; inputting the irradiation sensitivity error distribution proportionality function of the key device into a deep convolutional neural network, and performing global collaborative optimization distribution on the irradiation sensitivity error distribution proportionality coefficient of the key device by taking the minimum comprehensive error of a strong electric pulse measurement system as a target function; and performing modular hierarchical redundancy setting on the key device by taking the consistency of the irradiation sensitivity error distribution proportionality coefficients of the actually and optimally distributed key device as a target, and performing irradiation hierarchical shielding according to the hierarchical redundancy setting of the key device. The radiation-proof requirement of the system can be met, and meanwhile, the radiation-proof setting cost and the size of the measurement system are remarkably reduced.

A radiation imaging system comprises a sensor unit of a radiation imaging device, detecting an incident radiation R irradiated from a radiation generator; an arithmetic unit calculating an accumulated dose of the radiation detected by the sensor unit; and an imaging control unit outputting an irradiation stop signal for stopping the irradiation of the radiation R to the radiation generator when the accumulated dose reaches a threshold or more, wherein the imaging control unit sets the threshold based on a dose rate of the radiation R determined based on a relationship between the accumulated dose and a time, and a delay time from a time of outputting the irradiation stop signal to a time of stopping the irradiation of the radiation of the radiation generator.

A light emitting system includes at least one light emitting device configurable to emit light into an external environment, a controller configured to adjust a light flux output from the at least one light emitting device, and a non-transitory computer readable storage media comprising a plurality of parameters, the parameters including rules for prioritizing a first illumination mode or first irradiance mode over a second illumination mode or second irradiation mode that direct the at least one light emitting device to emit a first light flux into a first angular bin and a second light flux different from the first light flux into a second angular bin different from the first angular bin.

The invention provides a multi-light-source scattering water turbidity detection method, system, equipment and medium, and relates to the technical field of turbidity detection.The method comprises the steps that the influence of wavelength combinations on pollutant recognition performance is evaluated according to a preset fitness function, and an optimal wavelength combination is obtained; aiming at the optimal wavelength combination, adopting a reward function to learn a light source switching and irradiation strategy, and determining a light source control strategy; controlling a multi-wavelength light source to irradiate the water sample by adopting the light source control strategy to obtain scattered spectrum data; performing wavelet multi-scale decomposition and soft threshold filtering on the scattering spectrum data to obtain preprocessed scattering spectrum data; and establishing a quantitative relation model by adopting the preprocessed scattering spectrum data, and determining the pollutant concentration. Through wavelength combination optimization and intelligent learning of a light source control strategy, the accuracy and efficiency of water quality pollutant detection are remarkably improved, and an intelligent solution is provided for water quality monitoring.

Methods, systems, and apparatus for distributed ledger for physical material. In one aspect, a method includes obtaining a first set of information regarding a physical material to be verified, the first set of information including hundreds of values for channels of a spectrum of electromagnetic radiation emitted by the physical material in response to an irradiation of the physical material; obtaining a second set of information regarding the physical material to be verified; sending the first and second sets of information over the communication network to a verification computer system; receiving verification information; initiating addition of information usable to identify the first set of information and the digital signature to a distributed digital ledger; receiving confirmation of the addition of the information useable to identify the first set of information and the digital signature to the distributed digital ledger; and reporting that the physical material has been verified.

The invention discloses a pain treatment method based on infrared photothermal coupling, and belongs to the technical field of medical engineering. Comprising the following steps: acquiring physiological feature data, pathological feature data and optical feature data of a patient, and acquiring initial equipment parameters of the intelligent infrared photothermal treatment device; the method comprises the following steps: constructing an individualized photo-thermal response prediction model through Monte Carlo photon transmission simulation in combination with finite element heat conduction analysis, predicting a therapeutic effect score and an optimal parameter combination by using a deep neural network model based on a Transform architecture, generating an individualized temperature-time therapeutic curve, and determining initial illumination parameter configuration; controlling the intelligent infrared photothermal treatment device to start a treatment process according to the initial illumination parameter configuration; and according to the comprehensive biomarker score and in combination with a real-time analysis result of the neural network processing module, the output power, the pulse duty ratio and the irradiation mode of the infrared light source are automatically adjusted through the infrared light source control module.

The invention relates to the field of photovoltaic power generation, and particularly discloses a climate self-adaptive photovoltaic cooling method and system based on interface evaporation, and the system comprises a hydrophilic and hydrophobic composite radiation refrigeration film which is used for capturing atmospheric moisture through a radiation refrigeration effect under a low-radiation condition to form a cooling water source; the bionic water conveying structure comprises a modified silicone tube and a juncus roemerianus bundle and is used for conveying the captured water to the high-level water tank through capillary action; according to the invention, by fusing interface evaporation and radiation refrigeration technologies, the system realizes efficient cooling and energy recovery of the photovoltaic module; under the condition of strong irradiation, the gradient wettability interface evaporation layer takes away waste heat of the module through directional water film flow, so that the temperature of the photovoltaic module is reduced, the photoelectric conversion efficiency is improved, and meanwhile, the daily generating capacity is increased; the cooling effect is obviously better than that of a traditional natural convection or phase change material cooling mode, and efficient heat transfer is achieved through phase change latent heat utilization of interface evaporation.

The invention relates to the technical field of security and protection monitoring, in particular to a park building visual security and protection monitoring management system which comprises a plurality of monitoring devices and a plurality of display devices, laser emitters with freely adjustable irradiation angles are arranged below the monitoring devices, the park building visual security and protection monitoring management system further comprises a smoke recognition unit, independent analysis is carried out on each monitoring device, and the smoke recognition unit is connected with the monitoring devices. Monitoring images are collected regularly, a plurality of continuously collected images are compared and analyzed, and smoke generation, a smoke area and a smoke diffusion direction are identified; the smoke analysis unit is used for analyzing and calculating a smoke concentration index based on the brightness of the visible light path, analyzing a smoke thickness index based on the space coordinate of each end point of the visible light path, and calculating a smoke diffusion index based on the smoke concentration index and the smoke thickness index; and the area evacuation unit is provided with a plurality of escape channel maps in advance, and the display colors and the color depths of different areas in the escape channel maps are adjusted based on the smoke diffusion indexes.

To provide a technique with which a thermoplastic polymer foamed particle itself is made identifiable, and a thermoplastic polymer foamed particle molded body is made identifiable without damaging its beautiful appearance by making it composed of identifiable thermoplastic polymer foamed particles.SOLUTION: Thermoplastic polymer foamed particles 100 exhibit a light emission reaction derived from a light-emitting rare-earth element 10 through irradiation with electromagnetic waves. A molded body thereof is formed through in-mold molding of the foamed particles and thereby exhibits a light emission reaction. An identification method therefor comprises: (i) a step for irradiating the surfaces of the foamed particles or the molded body with electromagnetic waves; and (ii) a step for detecting a light emission reaction derived from a light-emitting rare-earth element through electromagnetic wave irradiation by using a detection device, so as to obtain a light emission spectrum. A first identification method further comprises a step for observing contrast between the light emission spectrum and a blank spectrum in which the light emission reaction derived from the light-emitting rare-earth element is not exhibited. A second identification method further comprises a step for comparing the light emission spectrum with a preset standard light emission spectrum in which the light emission reaction derived from the light-emitting rare-earth element is exhibited.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

The present disclosure relates to a photoreactor and method of use thereof. In an aspect, the photoreactor can be configured as a solar panel comprising a channel containing a heterogeneous photocatalyst. When water or another hydrogen-containing liquid is pumped through the photoreactor, it contacts the photocatalyst in the presence of UV or visible irradiation, simultaneously releasing hydrogen and separating the hydrogen via a gas-permeable membrane. In an aspect, the photoreactor can be used in a method for continuous production of high-purity H2 gas, the method comprising dehydrogenating tetrahydroquinoline (THQ) to form quinoline under visible light using a Rh / TiO2 heterogeneous photocatalyst. In another aspect, the catalyst includes Rh particles photodeposited on TiO2 microparticles. In a further aspect, the method can include regenerating THQ from quinoline using a water gas shift (WGS) reaction.

The invention relates to the technical field of bridge deflection monitoring equipment, in particular to a bridge state real-time monitoring device, system and method based on radar deployment. A reciprocating motion mechanism and a tooth holder are arranged on the surfaces of the two sides of the bearing plate frame respectively, and the other end of the reciprocating motion mechanism penetrates through the surface of the other side of the bearing plate frame and is provided with a wheel type pressure detection mechanism and an infrared distance meter respectively; the triangular target and the irradiation lamp are respectively arranged on the rotating disc and the surface of one end, penetrating through the other side of the bearing plate frame, of the rotating disc. The structure is reasonable, diversified monitoring means are adopted, the monitoring accuracy and reliability are effectively improved, the installation process of the triangular targets is simplified, the installation number of the triangular targets is reduced, the working efficiency is improved, damage to a bridge structure is remarkably reduced, the rapid positioning function of radar equipment is achieved, and the monitoring accuracy and reliability are improved. And the monitoring efficiency is further improved.

The invention provides an industrial ray radiation dose visual simulation method and system based on FLUKA. The method comprises the following steps: creating and optimizing an X-ray machine model, setting radiation parameters, establishing an optimized radiation propagation model, carrying out simulation calculation, establishing the radiation intensity of a freely selected detection point or focus point according to a calculation result, and generating two-dimensional and three-dimensional dose and energy distribution diagrams. And establishing a dynamic radiation intensity calculation model and carrying out mistaken radiation accident simulation and evaluation. The system can accurately simulate and predict the dose of industrial ray radiation in real time, outputs a visual dose distribution diagram, provides a convenient and visual operation interface for workers, and is beneficial to improving the efficiency and safety of ray protection work. The method has wide application value in the aspects of industrial ray protection, mistaken irradiation accident early warning, ray device design optimization and the like.

The invention discloses a long-life phosphorescent sulfur quantum dot, a multicolor long-life phosphorescent sulfur quantum dot composition and a preparation method and application thereof, and belongs to the technical field of phosphorescent materials and information encryption. The preparation method comprises the following steps: carrying out solvothermal reaction on a sulfur source and ethylenediamine to obtain sulfur quantum dots, and adding a sulfur quantum dot aqueous solution into a boric acid matrix to react to prepare long-life phosphorescent sulfur quantum dots (SQDs-MA); the long-life phosphorescent sulfur quantum dots and a rhodamine B aqueous solution are blended and dried to prepare the multicolor long-life phosphorescent sulfur quantum dot composition (RhB / SQDs-MA). When excited by ultraviolet light, the SQDs-MA shows a wide absorption range of 200 to 700 nm. When excitation is carried out at 362 nm, the SQDs-MA shows a blue fluorescence emission peak at 436 nm. The SQDs-MA powder emits bright green phosphorescence after the irradiation of an ultraviolet lamp is turned off, and under the optimal excitation of 373 nm, the maximum phosphorescence emission value is displayed at 526 nm. Under the irradiation of ultraviolet light, the RhB / SQDs-MA can emit yellow, orange and red phosphorescence at the wavelength of 584 nm, 600 nm and 620 nm.

The invention relates to the technical field of radiation monitoring, in particular to a radioactive foam height nuclear monitoring system and a use method. A radioactive foam height nuclear monitoring system comprises an ionization chamber detector; the collimation shielding module is provided with a containing space, the ionization chamber detector is contained in the containing space, the collimation shielding module is provided with a collimation hole, and particles generated by the self-radiation source can pass through the collimation hole. The invention provides a radioactive foam height nuclear monitoring system and a use method, and aims to solve the problem that a conventional radiation detector is difficult to bear an extremely high radiation environment and affects the detection precision.

The invention discloses wearable intelligent physiotherapy equipment for helping a patient synthesize vitamin D, and belongs to the technical field of medical instruments. Comprising an intelligent vest body, hook-and-loop fasteners and a light-emitting plate are arranged in the intelligent vest body, a host is arranged in an outer pocket of the intelligent vest body, and the host and the light-emitting plate are connected with an intelligent control system. The problems that existing equipment is difficult to adapt to numerous patients and is not beneficial to rehabilitation of the patients are solved, the intelligent vest is worn, the light-emitting plate irradiates the body with infrared and ultraviolet light, and the effects of accelerating generation and absorption of vitamin D are achieved through combination of the infrared and ultraviolet light; an intelligent control system is used for controlling irradiation duration and interval nodes, and an intelligent vest reverse wearing prompting function is achieved, so that the same piece of skin is prevented from being irradiated repeatedly within one day; the light-emitting plate is automatically turned off when the skin temperature is abnormal, so that the safety of wearing and using the intelligent vest by the patient is improved, the patient is helped to better supplement vitamin D, and various diseases caused by lack of vitamin D are treated or prevented.