The invention discloses a WebGL-based 3D rendering system and method, and the system comprises a scene object library, a special effect library, an animation frame library, a rectangular calculation library, a graphical user interface library, and an auxiliary module library. The scene object library comprises a scene object module, a light object module, a camera object module, a material object module, a particle object module, a model object module and a texture object module; the animation framework library comprises a skin animation module and a skeleton animation module; the rectangular calculation library comprises a vector calculation module and a model bounding box calculation module. According to the invention, a middleware mechanism is provided for a user, so the user can quickly develop an interactive three-dimensional graphic application without knowing bottom details; meanwhile, the method also supports GLSL 300es, does not need to be loaded, and can be directly called; a user can perform development without being familiar with a knowledge system related to computer graphics, so that the use difficulty is reduced, and the development period is shortened; the development efficiency is improved, and the development cost is reduced.