The invention discloses a high-speed data recording system based on an FPGA+DSP framework. The high-speed data recording system based on the FPGA+DSP framework comprises PC end measurement and control software, an FPGA core control chip, a DSP core control chip, a power supply chip, an FLASH memory chip, a USB communication chip, an HDLC protocol communication chip, an AD chip and a GPS communication daughter board, wherein the FPGA core control chip controls a USB module for PC communication during data uploading, a cache module during communication between the FPGA core control chip and the DSP core control chip, a reading and writing module of the FLASH memory chip, a control module of the GPS communication daughter board and a data sending and receiving module of the HDLC protocol communication chip, the DSP core control chip controls system self-detection in a data transmission and recording mode, an analog quantity data acquisition module and a communication module of the FPGA core control chip, and the power supply chip is connected with all the chips and is used for providing voltage needed by working of the whole system. An establishment method of the high-speed data recording system based on the FPGA+DSP framework comprises five main steps. The high-speed data recording system based on the FPGA+DSP framework has the advantages that a hardware circuit is simple, the size is small, and data can be recorded in real time at a high speed. The high-speed data recording system based on the FPGA+DSP framework can be applied to various systems conveniently.