786 results about "Reverse engineering" patented technology

The present invention provides obfuscation techniques for enhancing software security. In one embodiment, a method for obfuscation techniques for enhancing software security includes selecting a subset of code (e.g., compiled source code of an application) to obfuscate, and obfuscating the selected subset of the code. The obfuscating includes applying an obfuscating transformation to the selected subset of the code. The transformed code can be weakly equivalent to the untransformed code. The applied transformation can be selected based on a desired level of security (e.g., resistance to reverse engineering). The applied transformation can include a control transformation that can be creating using opaque constructs, which can be constructed using aliasing and concurrency techniques. Accordingly, the code can be obfuscated for enhanced software security based on a desired level of obfuscation (e.g., based on a desired potency, resilience, and cost).

The present invention relates generally to computer software, and more specifically, to a method and system of making computer software resistant to tampering and reverse-engineering. “Tampering” occurs when an attacker makes unauthorized changes to a computer software program such as overcoming password access, copy protection or timeout algorithms. Broadly speaking, the method of the invention is to increase the tamper-resistance and obscurity of computer software code by transforming the data flow of the computer software so that the observable operation is dissociated from the intent of the original software code. This way, the attacker can not understand and decode the data flow by observing the execution of the code. A number of techniques for performing the invention are given, including encoding software arguments using polynomials, prime number residues, converting variables to new sets of boolean variables, and defining variables on a new n-dimensional vector space.

A piracy protection system incorporates tamper detection capabilities into a protected copy of an application by disassembling a statically linked binary of the application, modifying some of the instructions in the application, and then rewriting all of the modified and unmodified instructions to a new executable file, a protected copy. The piracy protection system comprises an offline tamper detection technique in which the software itself detects the tampering and causes the program to fail, therefore protecting itself from malicious attacks. The system further comprises a dynamic software-watermarking process that incorporates code obfuscation to prevent reverse engineering.

Theft, distribution, and piracy of digital content (software, video, audio, e-books, any content of any kind that is digitally stored and distributed) is generally accomplished by copying it, if possible, or, if it is protected from being copied in any fashion, such piracy is based upon a number of reverse engineering techniques. Aside from the straightforward copying of unprotected content, all of these other methods require first an understanding of the protective mechanism(s) guarding the content, and finally an unauthorized modification of that protection in order to disable or subvert it. Methods that prevent a skilled individual from using reverse engineering tools and techniques to attain that level of understanding and/or prevent anyone from performing such modifications can offer significant advantages to content creators who wish to protect their products.

Many electronic medical devices include program design features that direct the operation of the device. The program design features of most electronic medical devices reside in the device itself and therefore are easily discovered by reverse engineering. In most cases, however, these features can be introduced into the device from an external source for only so long as necessary for each operation of the device, thereby making the reverse engineering of these features more difficult (or even impossible) and preserving a greater degree of design secrecy.

A method and apparatus for camouflaging an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), wherein the ASIC comprises a plurality of interconnected functional logic is disclosed. The method adds functionally inert elements to the logical description or provides alternative definitions of standard logical cells to make it difficult for reverse engineering programs to be used to discover the circuit's function. Additionally, post processing may be performed on GDS layers to provide a realistic fill of the empty space so as to resemble structural elements found in a functional circuit.

The systems and methods described herein utilize a probabilistic modeling framework for reverse engineering an ensemble of causal models, from data and then forward simulating the ensemble of models to analyze and predict the behavior of the network. In certain embodiments, the systems and methods described herein include data-driven techniques for developing causal models for biological networks. Causal network models include computational representations of the causal relationships between independent variables such as a compound of interest and dependent variables such as measured DNA alterations, changes in mRNA, protein, and metabolites to phenotypic readouts of efficacy and toxicity.

The invention discloses a neutral zone complete denture manufacturing method based on a Computer Aided Design/RapidPrototyping (CAD/RP) technology. The method comprises the following steps: a complete denture artificial tooth three-dimensional image database is established on the basis of the parameterized positioning; the data of upper and lower edentulous jaws with centric relation and neutral zone jaw is collected on the basis of the three-dimensional laser scanning technology with spatial position relation; the complete denture artificial articulation conforming to the theory of neutral zone and complete denture balanced occlusion tooth arrangement is designed on the basis of reverse engineering software, the gum and the base conforming to the complete denture neutral zone theory and the aesthetic principle are designed on the basis of the reverse engineering software; a complete denture flask is designed and processed on the basis of the CAD/RP technology; and the complete denture restoration is finished through the manual tooth inserting and the adhesive applying. The invention creates the concept of a two-step method, finishes the manual tooth arrangement and the wax pattern preparation with the highest technical content and the most complex operation in the traditional fabrication by using the computer and rapid prototyping technology, can finish the full fabrication of the complete denture only by being finally aided with the simple manual step, i.e., the second step of the two-step method, greatly simplifies the complex working procedures of the traditional handwork process, improves the efficiency and the accuracy of restoration and realizes the transformation of the designing and manufacturing process of the complete denture from the manual mode to the digital mode.

A white-box cryptographic system is presented wherein at least one of its internal values is represented using an input dependent encoding. The system comprises a network of a plurality of basic blocks arranged for collectively performing a cryptographic operation. An encoder is arranged for encoding output data of a first one of the plurality of basic blocks into an encoder-output according to a selected one of a plurality of encoding schemes, said selection depending on an input-message to the system. A compensator is arranged for recoding intermediate data to compensate for the effect of the encoding according to a selected one of a plurality of recoding schemes. Using variable encodings instead of fixed encodings complicates reverse engineering the white-box cryptographic system.

A computer implemented method of constructing a computer implemented knowledge base, of evaluating a plurality of invoices, of knowledge refinement and generation, as well as a computer implemented knowledge base for analyzing a plurality of invoices. The methods comprise receiving the invoices, semantic and logically analyzing them to identify the invoice items (parameters and algorithms of service providers, billing plans, user profile, consumption pattern and debits) and relations connecting them and construct the knowledge base. The knowledge base comprises a hierarchic taxonomy of billing plans related to services of any domain (telecommunications services, banking, insurance, utilities etc.) and a computer implemented generic invoice constructed in reverse engineering logic for simulating debits. Debit simulations are done in order to achieve: 1. recommendations for optimal billing plans. 2. Recommendations for possible detected billing errors. 3. recommendations concerning new plans and/or services, and their financial implications Improving the knowledge base may use genetic algorithms based on an analogous hierarchic structure of the taxonomy to a genetic hierarchy, and may proceed by refining billing plans and comparing the resulting debits. Novel Semantic-web and Artificial Intelligence (AI) methods are used.

A method of obfuscating executable computer code to impede reverse-engineering, by interrupting the software's execution flow and replacing in-line code with calls to subroutines that do not represent logical program blocks. Embodiments of the present invention introduce decoy code to confuse attackers, and computed branching to relocated code so that actual program flow cannot be inferred from disassembled source representations.

A method for rendering software resistant to reverse engineering. Replace at least one first constant (mathematical expression, etc.) in a computational expression with a second mixed mathematical and bitwise-Boolean expression, the first constant being simpler than the second expression and the second expression being based on the value or the variables found in the first constant (or expression). Evaluation of the second mixed mathematical and bitwise-Boolean expression produces a value preserving the value of the first constant, either: with the original value of the first constant or the original value of the result of the first expression, in which case the second mixed mathematical and bitwise-Boolean expression is obtained from the first constant by converting the first constant by mathematical identities; or, in an encoded form, as a new value, which can be converted back to the original value of the first constant by applying an information-preserving decoding function, in which case the second mixed mathematical and bitwise-Boolean expression is obtained from the first constant by modifying the first constant by a combination of conversion according to mathematical identities and transformation according to an information preserving encoding function.

Apparatuses, devices, and methods for protecting content on a computer are disclosed that employ a novel hypervisor configured to segregate, or partition, hardware resources or portions thereof into protected and unprotected areas and devices. The partitioning, effectively hides protected hardware resources, such as the BIOS device, etc., from operating systems running on the computer. The hypervisor controls access resources into the protected area and limits the manner in which the operating systems on the computer can access the protected resources and content. The hypervisor can be configured to physically partition entire hardware resource or to employ virtualization technology to partition hardware resources, such as memory devices, into protected and unprotected areas that are virtually partitioned. The hypervisor of the present invention provides a new concept in employing anti-forensic techniques to bring about a protection mechanism that prevents unauthorized users including remote attackers who have obtained administrative access from accessing, reverse engineering, or otherwise exposing content protected. The content can generally be anything that can be maintained in a computer including data, algorithms, code, information and processes in general, etc., such as personal, sensitive, confidential and proprietary information and algorithms, and cryptographic keys.

Techniques and systems whereby operation of and/or access to particular features of an electronic device may be controlled after the device has left the control of the manufacturer are provided. The operation and/or access may be provided based on values stored in non-volatile storage elements, such as electrically programmable fused (eFUSES).

A security core supports a networked banking app for a client application device communicating with a server, such as e.g. a smartphone. It provides a secure environment for the banking app to conduct registration, enrollment, and transaction workflows with corresponding back-end servers on the network. It includes defenses against static analysis, attempts at reverse engineering, and real-time transaction fraud. A principal defense employed is obfuscation of the protocols, APIs, algorithms, and program code. It actively detects, thwarts, misdirects, and reports reverse engineering attempts and malware activity it senses. A routing obfuscator is configured to operate at the outer layer. Previous core designs are retained as camouflage. An internal TLS library is used rather than the OS TLS layer. Cookies are managed internally in the core rather than in the webkit-browser layer.

An apparatus and method is provided for deconstructing or “reverse engineering” one or more documents into a workflow process by identifying various phases, steps, and questions that arise from the document. Using an editing tool, a user selects text portions of a document and specifies one or more workflow parameters associated with the text, such as a question that will be generated to elicit information corresponding to the selected text. The document is tagged and used to generate a data structure used to execute the workflow process at a later time. The data structure can be modified to change the workflow structure.

Tampering with pieces of software is inhibited. Profiles are stored in a central hierarchical database and such profiles are protected from tampering. The obfuscation of a software image so as to becloud the comprehension of hackers in reverse engineering pieces of software comprising the software image is provided. A process of verifying whether the pieces of software together constitute a software package that requires protection from tampering is also provided.

The invention discloses a design method for a molded surface of an automobile cover part die based on molded surface deformation compensation, which comprises the steps of predicting the contact state of the molded surface based on similar die numerical value simulation, outputting a compensation guide document for the molded surface of the die based on the dethickness of a manufactured piece and the elastic deformation of the die, using CAD (computer aided design) software to design the compensation molded surface of the die based on the guide document and outputting the CAD compensation molded surface, and outputting the repaired actual molded surface of the die by using a method based on reverse engineering. Under the premises of reasonable technical conditions and die structures, a CAE-CAD-CMM (computer aided engineering-computer aided design-capability maturity model) integration system for the molded surface of the automobile cover part die based on the dethickness of the manufactured piece and the elastic deformation compensation of the die is formed. The method can be adopted for quickening the design process of the molded surface of the automobile cover part die, reducing the manual grinding time, guarantees the fit precision of the molded surface of the die and the forming precision of the automobile cover part, and provides a new method for the high-quality short-period debugging work of the automobile cover panel die.

A method and apparatus for reverse engineering an integrated circuit chip (IC chip) (120) utilizes an electrical circuit tester (114) for injecting a triggering signal into the IC chip (120) to exercise a circuit under test. In synchronization thereto, a PICA detector (116) monitors optical emissions from the circuit under test. A spatial data extractor, electrically coupled to the PICA detector, collects space information (124) from patterns of light emissions emitted by the circuit under test, and a timing data extractor, electrically coupled to the electrical circuit tester and to the PICA detector (116), collects time information (126) from the patterns of light emissions emitted by the circuit under test. A database memory (105) includes known data about the circuit under test and also includes at least one reference pattern for comparing a captured light emission pattern thereto to identify at least one circuit element in the circuit under test. A PICA data analyzer (108), electrically coupled to the database memory (105) and to the PICA detector (116), determines at least one of whether the circuit under test comprises a circuit element with a light emission pattern that matches one of the at least one reference pattern in the database memory (105), and the value contained in a memory in the IC chip (120).