The invention discloses a double frequency laser grating interference three-dimensional measurement method and system with optical aliasing resistance, and belongs to a grating measurement technology. The system comprises a laser device, a grating interference mirror set and a photoelectric detection and signal processing unit. Two laser beams which are simultaneously output by the laser device, different in frequency and separated in space enter a polarizing beam splitter in parallel and in an incident mode. The first laser beam enters a reference grating in an incident mode after being reflected by the polarizing beam splitter to form multiple reference diffraction laser beams with multiple levels, the second laser beam enters a measurement grating in an incident mode after being transmitted by the polarizing beam splitter to form multiple measurement diffraction laser beams, five of the reference diffraction laser beams are sequentially and correspondingly joint with the (0, 0) level laser beam, the (0, +1) level laser beam, the (0, -1) level laser beam, the (+1, 0) level laser beam and the (-1, 0) level laser beam in the measurement diffraction laser beams respectively to form an optical beat frequency, and three-dimensional relative motion information of the measurement grating is acquired through photoelectric detection and signal processing. By the adoption of the method and system, optical frequency aliasing, polarization state aliasing and corresponding periodic non-linear errors caused by traditional incomplete polarizing beam splitting are eliminated.