The invention discloses a dualistic structure optical optimization method suitable to rapid three dimensional profilometry. The method is characterized by comprising the steps of conducting inverted Y-shape correction to a camera and a projector, calibrating the camera, revising distortion, projecting phase shift grating fringe, projecting a dualistic structure optical coded graph, using the phase shift method to solve a grating wrapped phase, using the coded fringe to solve the grating orders, solving an absolute phase, completing the phase un-wrapping, mapping the phase to real heights to reconstruct a three dimensional profile. According to the dualistic structure optical optimization method suitable to rapid three dimensional profilometry, the optimized dualistic structure optical coding method is used for achieving the reconstruction of the three dimensional profile of an object. The method can be used for precisely determining a cycle order of the projection grating fringe, avoiding the non-linear projection problem of the multilevel gray value, and the color aliasing problem of multi-channel projection, the measuring speed is fast, and the method has a good adaptability to different measured objects, and a substantial and obvious technological effect.