The invention provides a measuring instrument with an optical fiber Mach-Zehnder interferometer and optical fiber Michdson interferometer arrays, which comprises a broad-band light source 1, a photoelectric detector 2, a 3dB optical fiber 2 multiplied by 2 coupler 3, the optical fiber Mach-Zehnder interferometer, a transposed 3dB optical fiber 2 multiplied by 2 coupler 7, optical fiber Michdson interferometers arrays 8 and 8', and a single-mode connecting optical fiber 9, wherein, the optical fiber Mach-Zehnder interferometer consists of an attenuator 4, a self-focusing lens 5, an axicon lens 6 with total reflection angle, and the connecting optical fiber 9. The measuring instrument with the optical fiber Mach-Zehnder interferometer and the optical fiber Michdson interferometer arrays utilizes a technique that measures strain and temperature at the same time, realizes the temperature compensation technique and the array arrangement of optical fiber sensors, realizes absolute measurement under the situation that the multiple sensors are not interfered by each other, lowers the cost of single-point measurement and ensures real-time measurement; furthermore, the measuring instrument has simple techniques and easy implementation, and as standard optical fiber communication elements are adopted as the optical fiber materials and devices, the measuring instrument has low cost, easy acquisition of the optical fiber materials and devices and easy popularization.