8433 results about "Desorption" patented technology

A system and method for that allows one part of an atomic layer deposition (ALD) process sequence to occur at a first temperature while allowing another part of the ALD process sequence to occur at a second temperature. In such a fashion, the first temperature can be chosen to be lower such that decomposition or desorption of the adsorbed first reactant does not occur, and the second temperature can be chosen to be higher such that comparably greater deposition rate and film purity can be achieved. Additionally, the invention relates to improved temperature control in ALD to switch between these two thermal states in rapid succession. It is emphasized that this abstract is provided to comply with rules requiring an abstract. It is submitted with the understanding that it will not be used to interpret or limit the scope or meaning of the claims.

The invention is directed to a novel approach to thin film synthesis that is described as high vacuum plasma-assisted chemical vapor deposition (HVP-CVD). In one application of HVP-CVD, atomic oxygen and organometallic precursors are simultaneously introduced into a high vacuum chamber. Gas-phase chemistry is eliminated or substantially eliminated in the collisionless or substantially collisionless environment, allowing the surface chemistry between atomic oxygen and the precursor(s) to be interrogated directly. In preliminary work it has been observed that the presence of atomic oxygen greatly accelerates the desorption of organic ligands, facilitating oxide formation. The prominent advantages of the HVP-CVD include reduced substrate temperature, significant rates, inherent uniformity, facilitated doping, and the ability to directly study these processes in-situ with high vacuum diagnostics that are not compatible with conventional CVD technologies.

Provided is a bottom gate type thin film transistor including on a substrate (1) a gate electrode (2), a first insulating film (3) as a gate insulating film, an oxide semiconductor layer (4) as a channel layer, a second insulating film (5) as a protective layer, a source electrode (6), and a drain electrode (7), in which the oxide semiconductor layer (4) includes an oxide including at least one selected from the group consisting of In, Zn, and Sn, and the second insulating film (5) includes an amorphous oxide insulator formed so as to be in contact with the oxide semiconductor layer (4) and contains therein 3.8×1019 molecules / cm3 or more of a desorbed gas observed as oxygen by temperature programmed desorption mass spectrometry.

An absorbent article having an ultimate fluid storage region and a fluid distribution region, positioned between the ultimate storage region and the garment oriented surface of the article, in fluid communication with the ultimate fluid storage region, the ultimate fluid storage region includes a material which has: (1) a Capillary Sorption Desorption Capacity at 100 cm (CSDC 100) of at least 10 g / g; (2) a Capillary Sorption Desorption Capacity at 0 cm (CSDC 0) higher than the CSDC 100; (3) a Loosely Bound Liquid Capacity (LBLC); and (4) a Capillary Sorption Desorption Release Height when 50% of the LBLC are released (CSDRH 50) less than 60 cm. Further, the liquid distribution layer material has a Capillary Sorption Absorption Height at 30% of its maximum capacity (CSAH 30) of at least 35 cm. Distribution material can be foam materials, particularly those derived from high internal phase water-in-oil emulsions.

Methods and apparatus for extracting liquid water from ambient air, including ambient air in severely arid and hot climates, are described. An example apparatus uses a sorption-desorption-condensation cycle using a sorption wheel to extract moisture from ambient air and concentrate the water vapor driven off from the sorption material in a circulating gas, with condensation of liquid water from the circulating gas.

Provided is a bottom gate type thin film transistor including on a substrate (1) a gate electrode (2), a first insulating film (3) as a gate insulating film, an oxide semiconductor layer (4) as a channel layer, a second insulating film (5) as a protective layer, a source electrode (6), and a drain electrode (7), in which the oxide semiconductor layer (4) includes an oxide including at least one selected from the group consisting of In, Zn, and Sn, and the second insulating film (5) includes an amorphous oxide insulator formed so as to be in contact with the oxide semiconductor layer (4) and contains therein 3.8×1019 molecules / cm3 or more of a desorbed gas observed as oxygen by temperature programmed desorption mass spectrometry.

A fuel vapor handling apparatus supplies a purging air to a canister by using a purge pump and purges fuel desorbed from the canister into an intake pipe. A controller intermittently operates the purge so that the canister internal temperature recovers from a reduced level caused by the latent heat of vaporization of fuel during an operating period of the purge pump. Therefore, desorption of fuel from the canister during an operating period is facilitated. Since the actual operating time of the purge pump is reduced, the life of a motor that is a power unit of the purge pump becomes longer.

This invention relates generally to a mass spectrometer probe and a method of using said probe for desorption and ionization of analytes. The sample probe comprises an affinity reagent on the probe surface, wherein the affinity reagent is capable of selectively binding an analyte. An analyte bound to the affinity reagent can be desorbed by a high energy source and detected in the mass spectrometer. The probe and methods are useful in detection and analysis of macromolecules such as proteins or other biomolecules.

The present invention is an absorbent structure to be used in absorbent articles, having at least a first region for acquisition / distribution of fluid and a second region for storage of fluid. The first region can contain materials which have a relatively high capillary desorption pressure, as the materials in the second region exhibit a sufficiently high capillary absorption pressure so as to still efficiently drain the first region.The first region material has a Capillary Sorption Desorption Height (CSDH 90) of more than 40 cm and the second region material satisfies at least one of following requirements:(a) an absorption capacity of at least 15 g / g at 35 cm in the capsorption test;(b) an absorption capacity of at least 15 g / g at 0 cm in the capsorption test and an absorption efficiency of at least 55% at 40 cm;(c) a Capillary Sorption Absorption height at 50% of its capacity at 0 cm absorption height (CSAH 50) of at least 35 cm in the capsorption test.

This invention provides methods of retentate chromatography for resolving analytes in a sample. The methods involve adsorbing the analytes to a substrate under a plurality of different selectivity conditions, and detecting the analytes retained on the substrate by desorption spectrometry. The methods are useful in biology and medicine, including clinical diagnostics and drug discovery.

The present invention provides compact adsorption systems that are capable of rapid temperature swings and rapid cycling. Novel methods of thermal swing adsorption and thermally-enhanced pressure swing adsorption are also described. In some aspects of the invention, a gas is passed through the adsorbent thus allowing heat exchangers to be very close to all portions of the adsorbent and utilize less space. In another aspect, the adsorption media is selectively heated, thus reducing energy costs. Methods and systems for gas adsorption / desorption having improved energy efficiency with capability of short cycle times are also described. Advantages of the invention include the ability to use (typically) 30-100 times less adsorbent compared to conventional systems.

An ion source is disclosed for forming multiply-charged analyte ions from a solid sample. A beam of pulsed radiation is directed onto a portion of the sample to desorb analyte molecules. A retaining structure holding a solvent volume is positioned proximate the sample. Desorbed analyte molecules contact a free surface of the solvent and pass into solution. The solution is then conveyed through an outlet passageway to an electrospray apparatus, which introduces a spray of charged solvent droplets into an ionization chamber.

Porous-material-supported polymer sorbents and process for removal of undesirable gases such as H2S, COS, CO2, N2O, NO, NO2, SO2, SO3, HCl, HF, HCN, NH3, H2O, C2H5OH, CH3OH, HCHO, CHCl3, CH2Cl2, CH3Cl, CS2, C4H4S, CH3SH, and CH3—S—CH3 from various gas streams such as natural gas, coal / biomass gasification gas, biogas, landfill gas, coal mine gas, ammonia syngas, H2 and oxo-syngas, Fe ore reduction gas, reformate gas, refinery process gases, indoor air, fuel cell anode fuel gas and cathode air are disclosed. The sorbents have numerous advantages such as high breakthrough capacity, high sorption / desorption rates, little or no corrosive effect and are easily regenerated. The sorbents may be prepared by loading H2S—, COS—, CO2—, N2O, NO—, NO2—, SO2—, SO3—, HCl—, HF—, HCN—, NH3—, H2O—, C2H5OH—, CH3OH—, HCHO—, CHCl3—, CH2Cl2—, CH3Cl—, CS2—, C4H4S—, CH3SH—, CH3—S—CH3-philic polymer(s) or mixtures thereof, as well as any one or more of H2S—, COS—, CO2—, N2O, NO—, NO2—, SO2—, SO3—, HCl—, HF—, HCN—, NH3—, H2O—, C2H5OH—, CH3OH—, HCHO—, CHCl3—, CH2Cl2—, CH3Cl—, CS2—, C4H4S—, CH3SH—, CH3—S—CH3-philic compound(s) or mixtures thereof on to porous materials such as mesoporous, microporous or macroporous materials. The sorbents may be employed in processes such as one-stage and multi-stage processes to remove and recover H2S, COS, CO2, N2O, NO, NO2, SO2, SO3, HCl, HF, HCN, NH3, H2O, C2H5OH, CH3OH, HCHO, CHCl3, CH2Cl2, CH3Cl, CS2, C4H4S, CH3SH and CH3—S—CH3 from gas streams by use of, such as, fixed-bed sorbers, fluidized-bed sorbers, moving-bed sorbers, and rotating-bed sorbers.

A method and system for the selective removal of CO2 and / or H2S from a gaseous stream containing one or more acid gases. In particular, a system and method for separating CO2 and / or H2S from a gas mixture containing an acid gas using an absorbent solution and one or more ejector venturi nozzles in flow communication with one or more absorbent contactors. The method involves contacting a gas mixture containing at least one acid gas with the absorbent solution under conditions sufficient to cause absorption of at least a portion of said acid gas. The absorbent contactors operate in co-current flow and are arranged in a counter-current configuration to increase the driving force for mass transfer. Monoliths can be used that operate in a Taylor flow or slug flow regime. The absorbent solution is treated under conditions sufficient to cause desorption of at least a portion of the acid gas.

Provided are a thin film transistor that is capable of suppressing desorption of oxygen and others from an oxide semiconductor layer, and reducing the time to be taken for film formation, and a display device provided therewith. A gate insulation film 22, a channel protection layer 24, and a passivation film 26 are each in the laminate configuration including a first layer 31 made of aluminum oxide, and a second layer 32 made of an insulation material including silicon (Si). The first and second layers 31 and 32 are disposed one on the other so that the first layer 31 comes on the side of an oxide semiconductor layer 23. The oxide semiconductor layer 23 is sandwiched on both sides by the first layers 31 made of aluminum oxide, thereby suppressing desorption of oxygen and others, and stabilizing the electrical characteristics of a TFT 20. Moreover, since the second layer 32 is made of an insulation material including silicon (Si), the time to be taken for film formation can be reduced compared with a single layer made of aluminum oxide.

The present invention enhances the laser desorption of biological molecular ions from surfaces by creating a surface localized MALDI particle matrix by ion implantation of low energy ionized clusters (gold, aluminum, etc.) or chemically derivatized clusters into the near surface region of the sample. MALDI analysis of the intact biomolecules on the surface or within a narrow subsurface region defined by the implantation range of the ions can then be performed by laser desorption into a mass spectrometer or, in a preferred embodiment, into a combined ion mobility orthogonal time of flight mass spectrometer.

Ion manipulation systems include ion repulsion by an RF field penetrating through a mesh. Another comprises trapping ions in a symmetric RF field around a mesh. The system uses macroscopic parts, or readily available fine meshes, or miniaturized devices made by MEMS, or flexible PCB methods. One application is ion transfer from gaseous ion sources with focusing at intermediate and elevated gas pressures. Another application is the formation of pulsed ion packets for TOF MS within trap array. Such trapping is preferably accompanied by pulsed switching of RF field and by gas pulses, preferably formed by pulsed vapor desorption. Ion guidance, ion flow manipulation, trapping, preparation of pulsed ion packets, confining ions during fragmentation or exposure to ion to particle reactions and for mass separation are disclosed. Ion chromatography employs an ion passage within a gas flow and through a set of multiple traps with a mass dependent well depth.

In general, the purpose of the probe system is to provide improved rapid field methods using re-designed direct push technology (DPT) and “push-pull testing” concepts to evaluate in situ chemical, biochemical, surfactant, adsorptive media, and leaching and fixation remediation technologies for hazardous subsurface contaminant(s). The probe system and methods described here when applied to a hazardous waste site being considered for in situ remediation of contaminants (organic or inorganic) by the listed treatment technologies will yield information that greatly reduces the uncertainty with regards to treatment effectiveness for the in situ soil, groundwater, and contaminant(s) conditions affecting dosage requirements and reaction rate(s) for various reactants. The probe system described here is multi-purpose in that it was designed: 1) to measure the relative permeability of the subsurface soil and groundwater to a liquid or gas ejectant, 2) to recover soil gas, soil, or groundwater samples for contaminant analyses, 3) to measure the chemical dosage and reaction, dissolution, adsorption, desorption, leaching, or fixation rate of a reactant such as a chemical or biochemical oxidant, metallic or bimetallic dehalogenating agent, surfactant or emulsifier solution, adsorbent media regenerant, leaching or fixation reagent that is injected into the matrix and withdrawn during a push-pull test, 4) to perform combinations of the above, 5) to measure the in situ adsorption capacity of adsorbent media and subsequently measure the effectiveness of regenerant(s) for the adsorbent media, and (6) to measure the effectiveness of a treated soil column for inorganic contaminant(s) leaching or fixation. In addition to being an in situ remedial alternatives evaluation tool, the probe system can be used as a reactant(s) delivery device after the specific remedial technology has been selected.

A fluid storage and dispensing system including a vessel containing a low heel carbon sorbent having fluid adsorbed thereon, with the system arranged to effect desorption of the fluid from the sorbent for dispensing of fluid on demand. The low heel carbon sorbent preferably is characterized by at least one of the following characteristics: (i) Heel, measured for gaseous arsine (AsH3) at 20° C. at 20 Torr, of not more than 50 grams AsH3 per liter of bed of the sorbent material; (ii) Heel, measured for gaseous boron trifluoride (BF3) at 20° C. at 20 Torr, of not more than 20 grams boron trifloride per liter of bed of the sorbent material; (iii) Heel, measured for gaseous germanium tetrafluoride (GeF4) at 20° C. at 20 Torr, of not more than 250 grams AsH3 per liter of bed of the sorbent material; (iv) Heel, measured for gaseous arsenic pentafluoride (AsF5) at 20° C. at 20 Torr, of not more than 700 grams AsF5 per liter of bed of the sorbent material; (v) Heel, measured for gaseous trimethyl silane (3MS) at 20° C. at 20 Torr, of not more than 160 grams 3MS per liter of bed of the sorbent material; and (vi) Heel, measured for gaseous ethane (C2H4) at 21° C. at 25 Torr, of not more than 10 grams ethane per liter of bed of the sorbent material.

An active material for a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery including a lithium-containing transition metal oxide containing nickel and manganese and having a closest-packed structure of oxygen, wherein an atomic ratio MLi / MT between the number of moles of lithium MLi and the number of moles of transition metal Mt contained in the lithium-containing transition metal oxide is greater than 1.0; the lithium-containing transition metal oxide has a crystal structure attributed to a hexagonal system, and the X-ray diffraction image of the crystal structure has a peak P003 attributed to the (003) plane and a peak P104 attributed to the (104) plane; an integrated intensity ratio I003 / I104 between the peak P003 and the peak P104 varies reversibly within a range from 0.7 to 1.5 in association with absorption and desorption of lithium by the lithium-containing transition metal oxide; and the integrated intensity ratio varies linearly and continuously.

This invention relates to a desorpton / ionization source operated under ambient conditions for direct analysis of solid or liquid samples on a surface. The source comprises of a laser desorption system and a UV / electrospray combined ionization system. The source is suitable for simultaneously ionizing samples with different polarity in a complex mixture. At the same time, the compact design of the source with multiple channels can maintain the level of local concentration of the analyte ions inside the source for higher efficiency of sample ionization and introduction.

The invention relates to a process for preparing butadiene from n-butenes, which comprises the following steps:A) provision of a feed gas stream a comprising n-butenes;B) introduction of the feed gas stream a comprising n-butenes and an oxygen-comprising gas into at least one dehydrogenation zone and oxidative dehydrogenation of n-butenes to butadiene, giving a product gas stream b comprising butadiene, unreacted n-butenes, water vapor, oxygen, low-boiling hydrocarbons, possibly carbon oxides and possibly inert gases;C) cooling and compression of the product gas stream b in at least one cooling stage and at least one compression stage, with the product gas stream b being brought into contact with a circulated coolant to give at least one condensate stream c1 comprising water and a gas stream c2 comprising butadiene, n-butenes, water vapor, oxygen, low-boiling hydrocarbons, possibly carbon oxides and possibly inert gases;D) separation of incondensable and low-boiling gas constituents comprising oxygen, low-boiling hydrocarbons, possibly carbon oxides and possibly inert gases as gas stream d2 from the gas stream c2 by absorption of the C4-hydrocarbons comprising butadiene and n-butenes in a circulated absorption medium, giving an absorption medium stream loaded with C4-hydrocarbons and the gas stream d2, and subsequent desorption of the C4-hydrocarbons from the loaded absorption medium stream to give a C4 product gas stream d1;E) separation of the C4 product stream d1 by extractive distillation using a solvent which is selective for butadiene into a stream e1 comprising butadiene and the selective solvent and a stream e2 comprising n-butenes;F) distillation of the stream e1 comprising butadiene and the selective solvent to give a stream f1 consisting essentially of the selective solvent and a stream f2 comprising butadiene;where samples are taken from the circulated coolant in step C) and / or the circulated absorption medium in step D) and the peroxide content of the samples taken is determined by means of iodometry, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) or microcalorimetry.

The invention discloses a full-temperature-range pressure swing adsorption gas separation, refinement and purification method.By means of the difference of the temperatures and pressures of different raw material gases and the difference of the adsorption separation coefficients and physical chemistry properties of all components in the raw material gases in the temperature range of 80-200 DEG C and the pressure range of 0.03-4.0 MPa, the adsorption or desorption regeneration operation of the pressure swing adsorption circulation process is adjusted by coupling all separation methods, the adsorption theory that the pressure or temperature swing adsorption separation process is only limited to the adsorption and desorption regeneration circulation operation through pressure or temperature changes is expanded, and therefore all raw material gases are separated, refined and purified by achieving the energy gradient utilization in the gas separation, refinement and purification process and achieving the circulation operation, where adsorption, desorption and regeneration are easily matched and balanced, in the moderate to low cold and moderate to high temperature pressure swing adsorption separation process, and it is changed that a traditional adsorption method is only limited to the auxiliary effect of refinement and purification, and adsorption becomes the basic separation unit operation just as important as refinement, absorption and extraction separation.