10377results about "Fuel injection apparatus" patented technology

Embodiments of the present invention are directed to methods and devices/systems for amplifying genetic material and may include providing a water-in-oil emulsion in a continuous flow. The emulsion may include a plurality of water droplets comprising microreactors. Each of the plurality of microreactors may include a single bead capable of capturing a nucleic acid template, a single species nucleic acid template and sufficient reagents to amplify the copy number of the nucleic acid template. The method also includes flowing the emulsion across a first temperature zone and a second lower temperature zone to thermally process the microreactors to amplify the nucleic acid template by polymerase chain reaction.

A method and system may be provided to perform a process for controlling NO_x emissions of an target engine. In one embodiment of the invention, the process may include determining predicted NO_x values based on a model reflecting a predetermined relationship between control parameters and NO_x emissions, wherein the control parameters include ambient humidity, manifold pressure, manifold temperature, fuel rate, and engine speed associated with the engine. Further, the process may include adjusting the model based on a determination of whether the predicted NO_x values meet a predetermined criteria associated with actual NO_x values. The adjusted model may be stored in a memory associated with the engine whereby NO_x emissions exhausted from the engine may be reduced based on virtual NO_x emission values determined from the adjusted model.

A system for controlling fuel injection in an engine. The engine includes an intake passage, an intake passage injector, a cylinder having a combustion chamber, and a cylinder injector for injecting a target amount of fuel into the combustion chamber. The system includes a controller for controlling the intake passage and cylinder injectors to permit fuel injection, each with an injection ratio, while said engine operates in a condition in which said engine permits fuel injection from said cylinder injector, a sensor for sensing the amount of fuel injected from the cylinder injector, a detector for detecting the difference between the target injection amount and the amount of fuel injected and an adjustor for adjusting the injection ratio based on the result of the detection by the detector so that the intake passage injector performs fuel injection together with the fuel injection performed by the cylinder injector.

A method and apparatus for analyzing a hydraulic pump in real-time. A pressure signal is provided representing a discharge pressure of the hydraulic pump, and the pressure signal is decomposed into a plurality of levels. Each of the plurality of levels has at least one frequency band. A feature pressure signal is located in at least one of the frequency bands and compared to a reference wavelet to determine if a fault exists in the hydraulic pump and/or a type of defect in the hydraulic pump.

An internal combustion engine (10) is provided with a port injector (28) and an in-cylinder injector (22). Before a port injection is started, the total amount of fuel to be injected is calculated (at an injection amount calculation timing). The port injection fuel amount and the in-cylinder injection fuel amount are calculated by appropriately dividing the total amount between them. If a change of the operating load on the internal combustion engine (10) is detected after the injection amount calculation timing, the load change is reflected in the amount of fuel to be injected in the current engine cycle by increasing or decreasing the in-cylinder injection fuel amount.

A variety of methods and arrangements for improving the fuel efficiency of internal combustion engines are described. Generally, an engine is controlled to operate in a skip fire variable displacement mode. In various embodiments, the appropriate firings are determined dynamically during operation of the engine on a firing opportunity by firing opportunity basis and/or without the use of predefined firing patterns.

An injection controller for an internal combustion engine that suppresses the accumulation of deposits on a nozzle hole of a direct injection valve. The injection controller includes the direct injection valve, which injects fuel into a cylinder, and an intake passage injection valve, which injects fuel into an intake passage. An ECU, which is connected to the direct injection and intake passage injection valves, executes a first fuel injection mode for injecting fuel with the direct injection valve and a second fuel injection mode for injecting fuel with the intake passage injection valve. The ECU switches fuel injection modes from the second fuel injection mode to the first fuel injection mode for a predetermined period when fuel is to be injected in the second fuel injection mode.

A method of controlling an engine, the method comprising of providing fuel having a blend to a cylinder of the engine, actively varying said fuel blend in response to at least an operating condition, and where during a transient operating condition, said blend is adjusted to increase a heat capacity of said fuel to reduce a tendency for knock.

A system for an engine of a vehicle, comprising of at least one combustion chamber located in the engine, a delivery system configured to deliver a fuel and a substance to the combustion chamber, an ignition system including a spark plug configured to ignite the fuel within the combustion chamber, and a control system configured to vary a number of sparks performed by the spark plug in relation to a combustion event of the combustion chamber responsive to a condition of the ignition system.

A system for an engine, comprising of a cylinder located in the engine; a first injector for injecting a first fuel into said cylinder; a second injector for injecting a second fuel into said cylinder; and a controller configured to vary an amount of said first and second fuel injection during engine operation based on operating conditions, where amounts of variation of said first and second fuels are set to maintain desired engine output and provide a substantially stoichiometric mixture.

A fuel injection system includes a first fuel injector that injects a lower-octane fuel into a combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine, and a second fuel injector that injects a higher-octane fuel into an intake passage of the engine. When the engine temperature is equal to or lower than a predetermined temperature during a start-up period of the internal combustion engine, fuel having the lower octane is injected via the first injector while prohibiting injection of the higher octane fuel via the second fuel injector.

A system for an engine, comprising of a cylinder of the engine; a first injector configured to inject a first substance to said cylinder; a second injector configured to inject a second substance to said cylinder; and a controller configured to commence combustion in the engine by injecting fuel into said cylinder, where said fuel is injected by only one of said first and second injectors during said start and/or warm-up.

There is provided an internal combustion engine that uses a blended fuel consisting of hydrocarbon and alcohol, and can efficiently operate relative to a wide range of required load. The internal combustion engine includes: intake ports 4a and 4b and two injectors 5a and 5b. The injectors include a first injector 5a that injects a hydrocarbon fuel and a second injector 5b that injects an alcohol fuel. An optimum combustion mode is selected according to an operation state, and the ratio of the alcohol is properly adjusted according to the combustion mode. The intake ports includes a first intake port 4a that guides the hydrocarbon fuel to an inner peripheral portion of a combustion chamber, and a second intake port 4c that guides the alcohol fuel to an outer peripheral portion of the combustion chamber to control octane number distribution in a cylinder. The internal combustion engine further includes separating means 8 for adding water to a blended fuel consisting of alcohol and hydrocarbon to separate into the alcohol fuel consisting of the alcohol and the water and the hydrocarbon fuel.

The present invention relates to improved spark plugs for igniting a fuel charge in an internal combustion engine, and is particularly concerned with an improved spark plug construction which improves combustion pressure and fuel mileage and diminishes exhaust pollution. The spark plug includes a center electrode and a ground electrode. In one embodiment, the ground electrode has an elongate edge that extends past the major dimension of the center electrode. The elongate edge can either be positioned substantially tangentially to or within a "zone" outside of the center electrode's periphery. Preferably, the edge of the center electrode and the lower interior edge of the ground electrode will be presented towards one another such that the edges are or are among the closest portions within the sparking region.

A premixed charge compression ignition engine, and a control system, is provided which effectively initiates combustion by compression ignition and maintains stable combustion while achieving extremely low nitrous oxide emissions, good overall efficiency and acceptable combustion noise and cylinder pressures. The present engine and control system effectively controls the combustion history, that is, the time at which combustion occurs, the rate of combustion, the duration of combustion and/or the completeness of combustion, by controlling the operation of certain control variables providing temperature control, pressure control, control of the mixture's autoignition properties and equivalence ratio control. The combustion control system provides active feedback control of the combustion event and includes a sensor, e.g. pressure sensor, for detecting an engine operating condition indicative of the combustion history, e.g. the start of combustion, and generating an associated engine operating condition signal. A processor receives the signal and generates control signals based on the engine operating condition signal for controlling various engine components to control the temperature, pressure, equivalence ratio and/or autoignition properties so as to variably control the combustion history of future combustion events to achieve stable, low emission combustion in each cylinder and combustion balancing between the cylinders.

The present invention relates to methods for robust controlled auto-ignition and spark ignited combustion controls in gasoline direct-injection engines, including transients, using either exhaust re-breathing or a combination of exhaust re-compression and re-breathing valve strategy. These methods are capable of enabling engine operation with either lean of stoichiometric or stoichiometric air/fuel ratio for oxides of nitrogen (NOx) control, with varying exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) rates and throttle valve positions for knock control, and with a combination of homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) and spark ignition (SI) combustion modes to optimize fuel economy over a wide range of engine operating conditions.

A spark plug and fuel injector combination. The spark plug has a central channel that funnels fuel into the lower portion of the spark plug, where it is superheated. A solenoid system causes a needle valve to rise up to allow a measured quantity of fuel to be injected into a cylinder through a nozzle, where it vaporizes upon exiting the spark plug. A spring releases the needle valve to close the nozzle. The spark plug also has an ignition ring on the base. The ignition ring produces an encompassing spark, which produces complete combustion of the vaporized fuel. This produces more power and better fuel economy.