The invention discloses a driverless train positioning failure rescue method. When positioning equipment breaks down and a positioning failure happens to a train-mounted ATP, the following steps are executed that firstly, emergency braking parking is immediately performed by the train-mounted ATP, and the fault information of the positioning equipment is reported to a trackside ATP; secondly, after the trackside ATP acquires the fault information, reported by the train-mounted ATP, of the positioning equipment, a train is locked from a positioning failure position to the area of a station/evacuation platform, and after other trains all drive out of a locking area, real-time movement authority is sent to the train-mounted ATP, wherein the real-time movement authority includes command validtime and allowable running speed; thirdly, after the train-mounted ATP receives the real-time movement authority, the train is controlled to move according to the authority; fourthly, when the trackside ATP obtains the information that the train drives into the station/evacuation platform through a secondary train detection device, sending of the movement authority is stopped. By means of the method, the recovery process can be immediately started after positioning faults of the equipment occur, the time that the train is parked in an interval is short, and influences on passengers are small.