3441results about How to "Reduce reflection" patented technology

In a lithographic projection apparatus, a space between an optical element of a projection system is filled with a first fluid and a second fluid separated by a translucent plate. The first and second fluids have first and second indices of refraction, respectively, that are different from one another. The first fluid is provided in a space between a substrate and the translucent plate and preferably has an index of refraction similar to the index of refraction of the substrate. The second fluid is provided in a space between the translucent plate and the optical element and preferably has an index of refraction similar to the index of refraction of the optical element. The translucent plate has a third index of refraction between the first and second indices of refraction. The third index of refraction may be equal to the first index of refraction or the second index of refraction. A device manufacturing method includes filling a space between the optical element and the substrate with at least two fluids having different indices of refraction.

Volume dimensioning employs techniques to reduce multipath reflection or return of illumination, and hence distortion. Volume dimensioning for any given target object includes a sequence of one or more illuminations and respective detections of returned illumination. A sequence typically includes illumination with at least one initial spatial illumination pattern and with one or more refined spatial illumination patterns. Refined spatial illumination patterns are generated based on previous illumination in order to reduce distortion. The number of refined spatial illumination patterns in a sequence may be fixed, or may vary based on results of prior illumination(s) in the sequence. Refined spatial illumination patterns may avoid illuminating background areas that contribute to distortion. Sometimes, illumination with the initial spatial illumination pattern may produce sufficiently acceptable results, and refined spatial illumination patterns in the sequence omitted.

The invention relates to a lens antenna which comprises a metal loudspeaker (4) and a lens (1), wherein the metal loudspeaker (4) is provided with a feed source; the feed source is embedded in the smaller-diameter end of the metal loudspeaker (4), and the lens (1) is embedded in the larger-diameter end of the metal loudspeaker (4); the lens (1) comprises a core plate (2); the core plate (2) is a planar dielectric plate, and one of the planes is provided with a plurality of core-plate disresonance basic units; a core-plate metal square frame (5) is printed in each core-plate disresonance basicunit; and the areas of the core-plate disresonance basic units and the core-plate metal square frames (5) gradually decrease from the center to the edge of the core plate (2). As the core plate (2) is planar, the lens (1) is easy to manufacture. In addition, the lens (1) also comprises matching plates (3) positioned on both sides of the core plate (2). The matching plates (3) can reduce the reflection of the electromagnetic waves on the interface of the lens (1) and the air.

A laser catheter is disclosed wherein optical fibers carrying laser light are mounted in a catheter for insertion into an artery to provide controlled delivery of a laser beam for percutaneous intravascular laser treatment of atherosclerotic disease. A transparent protective shield is provided at the distal end of the catheter for mechanically diplacing intravascular blood and protecting the fibers from the intravascular contents, as well as protecting the patient in the event of failure of the fiber optics. Multiple optical fibers allow the selection of tissue that is to be removed. A computer controlled system automatically aligns fibers with the laser and controls exposure time. Spectroscopic diagnostics determine what tissue is to be removed.

A system and method for forming a polymeric molding. A mold component includes a UV-absorptive material for preventing undesired reflection or transmission of curing energy within the mold cavity, thereby providing more precise control of the edge geometry of the molding.

A light-emitting device (10) using an LED is proposed. This light-emitting device (10) is provided with a packaging substrate (1), a light-emitting element (2) which is mounted on this packaging substrate (1) with its face down, a fluorescent member (3) that is arranged face to face with a light-extracting surface (S) of the light-emitting element (2) without contacting the light-emitting element (2) and an optical member (4) which receives light that has been emitted from the light-emitting element (2) and made incident thereon through the fluorescent member (3), and aligns the incident light toward the outside of the device. Light, emitted from the light-emitting element (2), is made incident on the fluorescent member (3) to excite the fluorescent material so that the fluorescent material re-emits light having a wavelength different from that of the incident light. Those light rays, emitted from the light-emitting element (2), which have not been absorbed by the fluorescent member (3) and have passed through the fluorescent member (3) and those light rays that have been emitted from the fluorescent material are made incident on the optical member (4) and are aligned. Because the fluorescent member (3) is not made in contact with the light-emitting element (2), it does not receive the heat from the light-emitting element (2) through heat conduction, and consequently becomes less susceptible to degradation due to heat. Moreover, with the face-down mounting structure, the fluorescent member (3) and the optical member (4) can be placed closer to the light-emitting element (2) as long as they dose not contact the light-emitting element (2). Consequently, the service life of the fluorescent material or the fluorescent-material-mixed resin that tends to deteriorate can be lengthened, lights can be extracted more efficiently, and light rays can be properly aligned in a predetermined direction.

On a semiconductor substrate a silicon oxide film is formed and provided with a recess. In the recess a reflector layer of copper is disposed as a blocking layer with a barrier metal posed therebetween. The reflector layer of copper is covered with a silicon oxide film and thereon a fuse region provided with a plurality of fuses is provided. The reflector layer of copper has a plane of reflection recessed downward to reflect a laser beam. The reflector layer of copper is arranged to overlap substantially the entirety of the fuse region, as seen in a plane. A laser beam radiated to blow the fuse can have a reduced effect on a vicinity of the fuse region. A semiconductor device reduced in size can be obtained.

The embodiments herein describe how if a narrow wave length notch of light is used to illuminate or create an image source then the beam-splitter is only required to transmit over the narrow wavelength notch. If the concave mirror only reflects the same wavelength notch then all other wavelengths will pass through the mirror and be reflected by the beam-splitter. Each of the embodiments uses a method of optical design wherein certain portions or elements of the optical system are used for multiple purposes and/or transmit certain paths of light transmission in multiple directions. This use of multiple purposes and multiple paths produces embodiments of the invention that are smaller and more robust.

This invention relates to a front electrode/contact for use in an electronic device such as a photovoltaic device. In certain example embodiments, the front electrode of a photovoltaic device or the like includes a multilayer coating including at least one transparent conductive oxide (TCO) layer (e.g., of or including a material such as tin oxide, ITO, zinc oxide, or the like) and/or at least one conductive substantially metallic IR reflecting layer (e.g., based on silver, gold, or the like). In certain example instances, the multilayer front electrode coating may include one or more conductive metal(s) oxide layer(s) and one or more conductive substantially metallic IR reflecting layer(s) in order to provide for reduced visible light reflection, increased conductivity, cheaper manufacturability, and/or increased infrared (IR) reflection capability. At least one of the surfaces of the front glass substrate may be textured in certain example embodiments of this invention.

A circularly-polarized-wave patch antenna includes a main body having a patch electrode provided with two feeding points and a circuit for generating a phase difference of 90° between signals supplied to the feeding points. A Wilkinson distribution circuit is provided between the 90°-phase-difference generating circuit and a coaxial cable (feeder line) so as to improve a reflection characteristic. The patch antenna includes two feeding points, and thus a favorable axial ratio characteristic can be obtained in a wide band. Also, a favorable reflection characteristic can be obtained in a wide band because of the Wilkinson distribution circuit. Accordingly, the patch antenna can be used in a wider frequency band.

What is described here is an antireflective coating comprising a carrier layer consisting of an optically transparent material, which, at least on one surface side, presents antireflective properties with respect the wavelengths of the radiation incident on the surface. Moreover, methods of producing the coating are described.The invention excels itself by the provision that the antireflective surface side presents a surface roughness with stochastically distributed structures-the so-called macro structures-and that the macro structures are additionally modulated with surface structures presenting a periodic sequence-the so-called micro structures-which present period or cycle lengths smaller than the wave lengths of the radiation incident on the antireflective surface.

This invention relates to a front electrode/contact for use in an electronic device such as a photovoltaic device. In certain example embodiments, the front electrode of a photovoltaic device or the like includes a multilayer coating including at least one transparent conductive oxide (TCO) layer (e.g., of or including a material such as tin oxide, ITO, zinc oxide, or the like) and/or at least one conductive substantially metallic IR reflecting layer (e.g., based on silver, gold, or the like). In certain example instances, the multilayer front electrode coating may include one or more conductive metal(s) oxide layer(s) and/or one or more conductive substantially metallic IR reflecting layer(s) in order to provide for reduced visible light reflection, increased conductivity, cheaper manufacturability, and/or increased infrared (IR) reflection capability.

Described are multilayer optical composites including a first layer having an index of refraction n₁, an i^th layer having an index of refraction n_i greater than n₁, and one or two or more intermediate layers between the first layer and the i^th layer, wherein the indices of refraction of the intermediate layers are between n₁ and n_i, and the index of refraction of each intermediate layer increases in the order of position of each layer from the first layer.

A method for increasing the luminous efficacy of a white light emitting diode (WLED), comprising introducing optically functional interfaces between an LED die and a phosphor, and between the phosphor and an outer medium, wherein at least one of the interfaces between the phosphor and the LED die provides a reflectance for light emitted by the phosphor away from the outer medium and a transmittance for light emitted by the LED die. Thus, a WLED may comprise a first material which surrounds an LED die, a phosphor layer, and at least one additional layer or material which is transparent for direct LED emission and reflective for the phosphor emission, placed between the phosphor layer and the first material which surrounds the LED die.

A monolithic electronic device includes a substrate, a semi-insulating, piezoelectric Group III-nitride epitaxial layer formed on the substrate, a pair of input and output interdigital transducers forming a surface acoustic wave device on the epitaxial layer and at least one electronic device (such as a HEMT, MESFET, JFET, MOSFET, photodiode, LED or the like) formed on the substrate. Isolation means are disclosed to electrically and acoustically isolate the electronic device from the SAW device and vice versa. In some embodiments, a trench is formed between the SAW device and the electronic device. Ion implantation is also disclosed to form a semi-insulating Group III-nitride epitaxial layer on which the SAW device may be fabricated. Absorbing and/or reflecting elements adjacent the interdigital transducers reduce unwanted reflections that may interfere with the operation of the SAW device.

In certain embodiments of this invention, an improved multilayer anti-reflection (AR) coating is provided on the exterior surface of the front glass substrate of a photovoltaic device. This AR coating functions to reduce reflection of desirable wavelengths from the front glass substrate, thereby allowing more light within the desirable solar spectrum to pass through the incident glass substrate and reach the photovoltaic semiconductor film so that the photovoltaic device can operate more efficiently. Also, the AR coating can reduce the amount of undesirable light (e.g., at least some IR and/or UV radiation) which reaches the semiconductor film of the device. In certain example embodiments, the multilayer AR coating includes a plurality of pairs of alternating high refractive index and low refractive index layers.

Line load compensation and reflection reduction in a signal transmitting circuit is provided using feedback capacitors. The feedback capacitor serially coupled with a resistance generates an RC rise/fall time that is independent of the line load. Additionally, by selecting a capacitor that yields a rise/fall time of approximately ⅓ of the maximum bit transmission time, signal reflection on the signal line can be reduced. Accordingly, by incorporating the feedback capacitor with a differential drive circuit, such as the IB 485 driver, variations in line load can be compensated for while also reducing signal reflection due to un-terminated or improperly terminated signal lines, thus allowing a free topology implementation.

A modular, portable, submersible video viewing system. The system includes a viewing monitor, camera and interconnecting multi-conductor cable that store and deploy for underwater viewing. Webs at the camera housing interconnect to cable clips, bottom support plates, a swivel coupler or steering guide and/or pole to control camera orientation. Alternative rudders and/or hydrodynamic ballast weights (with or without a keel) mount to the webs to control camera tracking when towed. A fish-shaped camera is also disclosed. Alternative stationary supports permit directed or “pan” viewing. A multi-aperture reflection suppressor and etched lens mount to the camera and cooperate with an array of LED's to direct light relative to the viewing field of the camera lens. Various sunshields, lights and/or lenses and filters are optionally mountable to the monitor and camera. Alternative monitor housings are disclosed that contain the viewing monitor, battery and attendant control circuitry and camera. Handles, cable wraps, integral and detachable sunshields, and manual and remote motorized cable take-up spools are also disclosed. Video storage/re-play, combinations of switched multi-frequency lights and display modes of depth and temperature at camera, camera direction and water depth are also included.